{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T04:49:19Z","timestamp":1781758159182,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anticytokine autoantibodies (ACAAs) are a fascinating group of antibodies that have gained more and more attention in the field of autoimmunity and secondary immunodeficiencies over the years. Some of these antibodies are characterized by their ability to target and neutralize specific cytokines. ACAAs can play a role in the susceptibility to several infectious diseases, and their infectious manifestations depending on which specific immunological pathway is affected. In this review, we will give an outline per infection in which ACAAs might play a role and whether additional immunomodulatory treatment next to antimicrobial treatment can be considered. Finally, we describe the areas for future research on ACAAs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T06:37:12Z","timestamp":1704004632000},"page":"515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Anticytokine Autoantibodies in Infectious Diseases: A Practical Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6649-7190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob J. W.","family":"Arts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9629-8627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nico A. F.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The National Aspergillosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester M23 9LT, UK"},{"name":"Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank L.","family":"van de Veerdonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)64012-3","article-title":"Spontaneous neutralising antibodies to interferon-\u03b1 and interleukin-12 in thymoma-associated autoimmune disease","volume":"350","author":"Meager","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, A., and Holland, S.M. 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