{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:25:40Z","timestamp":1790792740119,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Croatian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIP-2019-04-9778"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIP-2019-04-9778"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of marine environments in the global spread of antibiotic resistance still remains poorly understood, leaving gaps in the One Health-based research framework. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) encoding resistance to five major antibiotic classes, including sulfonamides (sul1, sul2), tetracyclines (tetA, tetB), \u03b2-lactams (blaCTX-M, blaTEM\u00a0blaVIM), macrolides (ermB, mphA), aminoglycosides (aac3-2), and integrase gene (intl1) were quantified by RT-qPCR, and their distribution was investigated in relation to environmental parameters and the total bacterial community in bottom layer and surface waters of the central Adriatic (Mediterranean), over a 68 km line from the wastewater-impacted estuary to coastal and pristine open sea. Seasonal changes (higher in winter) were observed for antibiotic resistance frequency and the relative abundances of ARGs, which were generally higher in eutrophic coastal areas. In particular, intl1, followed by blaTEM and blaVIM, were strongly associated with anthropogenic influence and Gammaproteobacteria as their predominant carriers. Water column stratification and geographic location had a significant influence on ARGs distribution in the oligotrophic zone, where the bacterial community exhibited a seasonal shift from Gammaproteobacteria in winter to Marine group II in summer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T05:23:30Z","timestamp":1704345810000},"page":"654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Large-Scale Biogeographical Shifts of Abundance of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Marine Bacterial Communities as Their Carriers along a Trophic Gradient"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7284-9519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mia","family":"D\u017eelalija","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6897-2445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u017deljana","family":"Fredotovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolina","family":"Udikovi\u0107-Koli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ru\u0111er Bo\u0161kovi\u0107 Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hrvoje","family":"Kalini\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0671-2194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slaven","family":"Jozi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8807-8184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivica","family":"\u0160amani\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9946-7943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marin","family":"Ordulj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Maravi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global Burden of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance in 2019: A Systematic Analysis","volume":"399","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.164201","article-title":"Assessing the Impact of Recreational Water Use on Carriage of Antimicrobial Resistant Organisms","volume":"888","author":"Farrell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. 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