{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T17:59:20Z","timestamp":1788026360843,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81620108026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81620108026"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81972980"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81972980"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) are two prevalent mycotoxins that cause cartilage damage in Kashin\u2013Beck disease (KBD). Cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in chondrocytes is a significant pathological feature of KBD. It has been shown that the Hippo pathway is involved in cartilage ECM degradation. This study aimed to examine the effect of YAP, a major regulator of the Hippo pathway, on the ECM degradation in the hiPS-derived chondrocytes (hiPS-Ch) model of KBD. The hiPS-Ch injury models were established via treatment with T-2 toxin\/DON alone or in combination. We found that T-2 toxin and DON inhibited the proliferation of hiPS-Ch in a dose-dependent manner; significantly increased the levels of YAP, SOX9, and MMP13; and decreased the levels of COL2A1 and ACAN (all p values &lt; 0.05). Immunofluorescence revealed that YAP was primarily located in the nuclei of hiPS-Ch, and its expression level increased with toxin concentrations. The inhibition of YAP resulted in the dysregulated expression of chondrogenic markers (all p values &lt; 0.05). These findings suggest that T-2 toxin and DON may inhibit the proliferation of, and induce the ECM degradation, of hiPS-Ch mediated by YAP, providing further insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to cartilage damage caused by toxins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25020878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T09:39:57Z","timestamp":1704879597000},"page":"878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Involvement of Yes-Associated Protein 1 Activation in the Matrix Degradation of Human-Induced-Pluripotent-Stem-Cell-Derived Chondrocytes Induced by T-2 Toxin and Deoxynivalenol Alone and in Combination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0527-9250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peilin","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng\u2019e","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2915-5535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bolun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6181-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikko J.","family":"Lammi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Medical Biology, University of Ume\u00e5, 901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.07.023","article-title":"Recent advances in the research of an endemic osteochondropathy in China: Kashin-Beck disease","volume":"22","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. 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