{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T16:32:56Z","timestamp":1793205176541,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"United States Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["180835-82601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["180835-82601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the face of evolving healthcare challenges, the utilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has emerged as a compelling solution due to their unique properties and versatile applications. The aim of this study was the synthesis and characterization of novel AgNPs (SB-AgNPs and SG-AgNPs, respectively) using Salvia blepharophylla and Salvia greggii leaf extracts and the evaluation of their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. Several analytical instrumental techniques were utilized for the characterization of SB-AgNPs and SG-AgNPs, including UV\u2013visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transmission infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR analysis identified various functional groups in the leaf extracts and nanoparticles, suggesting the involvement of phytochemicals as reducing and stabilizing agents. High-resolution TEM images displayed predominantly spherical nanoparticles with average sizes of 52.4 nm for SB-AgNPs and 62.5 nm for SG-AgNPs. Both SB-AgNPs and SG-AgNPs demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes and Gram-negative bacteria Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. SB-AgNPs and SG-AgNPs also exhibited 90.2 \u00b1 1.34% and 89.5 \u00b1 1.5% DPPH scavenging and 86.5 \u00b1 1.7% and 80.5 \u00b1 1.2% \u03b1-amylase inhibition, respectively, at a concentration of 100 \u03bcg mL\u22121. Overall, AgNPs synthesized using S. blepharophylla and Salvia greggii leaf extracts may serve as potential candidates for antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic agents. Consequently, this study provides viable solutions to mitigate the current crisis of antibiotic resistance and to efficiently combat antimicrobial infections and Type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25020904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T06:52:14Z","timestamp":1704955934000},"page":"904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Green Synthesis of Novel Silver Nanoparticles Using Salvia blepharophylla and Salvia greggii: Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential and Effect on Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2895-5349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Addisie","family":"Geremew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3057-179X","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"III","given":"John","family":"Gonzalles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisha","family":"Peace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selamawit","family":"Woldesenbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheena","family":"Reeves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Nigel","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2015, December 01). WHO Estimates the Global Burden of Foodborne Diseases: Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group 2007\u20132015, Available online: https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/WHO%20estimates%20of%20the%20global%20foodborne%20diseases%20FINAL.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2021.01.006","article-title":"Burden of Foodborne Diseases: Think Global, Act Local","volume":"39","author":"Pires","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zorraqu\u00edn-Pe\u00f1a, I., Cueva, C., Bartolom\u00e9, B., and Moreno-Arribas, M.V. (2020). Silver Nanoparticles against Foodborne Bacteria. Effects at Intestinal Level and Health Limitations. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8010132"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2015.10.025","article-title":"Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in Meat Processed Products from Industrial Plants in Southern Italy","volume":"62","author":"Tristezza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Control."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2015.02.037","article-title":"Rapid detection and identification methods for Listeria monocytogenes in the food chain\u2014A review","volume":"55","author":"Virtanen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Control."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2108.141364","article-title":"Escherichia coli O157 outbreaks in the United States, 2003\u20132012","volume":"21","author":"Heiman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2016.10.011","article-title":"Impacts of dietary forage and crude protein levels on the shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria in dairy cattle feces","volume":"194","author":"Biswas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.05.013","article-title":"Rapid and selective detection of E. coli O157:H7 combining phagomagnetic separation with enzymatic colorimetry","volume":"234","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2017.06.002","article-title":"Prevalence and methodologies for detection, characterization and subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes and L. ivanovii in foods and environmental sources","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Wellness"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541340","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/541340","article-title":"Multidrug resistance: An emerging crisis","volume":"2014","author":"Tanwar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Perspect. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1086\/592412","article-title":"Outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and the impact of antimicrobial and adjunctive therapies","volume":"29","author":"Patel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alahmad, A., Al-Zereini, W.A., Hijazin, T.J., Al-Madanat, O.Y., Alghoraibi, I., Al-Qaralleh, O., Al-Qaraleh, S., Feldhoff, A., Walter, J.-G., and Scheper, T. (2022). Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Hypericum perforatum L. Aqueous Extract with the Evaluation of Its Antibacterial Activity against Clinical and Food Pathogens. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14051104"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S295053","article-title":"Biomedical Potential of Plant-based Selenium Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic and Mechanistic Aspects","volume":"16","author":"Ikram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruna, T., Maldonado-Bravo, F., Jara, P., and Caro, N. (2021). Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Applications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22137202"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.128883","article-title":"Polycaprolactone film functionalized with bacteriophage T4 promotes antibacterial activity of food packaging toward Escherichia coli","volume":"346","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2018.10.025","article-title":"Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Croton caudatus Geisel leaf extract and their biological studies","volume":"236","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater Lett"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geremew, A., Carson, L., and Woldesenbet, S. (2022). Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Extract of Rumex nepalensis for Bactericidal Effect against Food-borne Pathogens and Antioxidant Activity. Front. Mol. Biosci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.991669"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/2228-5326-2-32","article-title":"Silver Nanoparticles: Mechanism of Antimicrobial Action, Synthesis, Medical Applications, and Toxicity Effects","volume":"2","author":"Prabhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S246764","article-title":"The antibacterial mechanism of silver nanoparticles and its application in dentistry","volume":"15","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2019.01.023","article-title":"Fruit Peels Waste for the Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial Activity Against Foodborne Pathogens","volume":"103","author":"Soto","year":"2019","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4402","DOI":"10.1007\/s10904-021-02057-3","article-title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Salvia aethiopis L. and Their Antioxidant Activity","volume":"31","author":"Gecer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"11075","article-title":"Molecular Analysis of Biofilms on the Surface of Neonatal Endotracheal tubes based on 16S rRNA PCR-DGGE and Species-specific PCR","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou, L., Zhu, F., Long, Z., and Huang, Y. (2021). Bacterial Extracellular Electron transfer: A Powerful route to the Green biosynthesis of Inorganic nanomaterials for Multifunctional Applications. J. Nanobiotechnology, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-00868-7"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2019.07.672","article-title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Allium cepa and its In vitro Antidiabetic Activity","volume":"22","author":"Jini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bedlovi\u010dov\u00e1, Z., Strap\u00e1\u010d, I., Bal\u00e1\u017e, M., and Salayov\u00e1, A. (2020). A Brief Overview on Antioxidant Activity Determination of Silver Nanoparticles. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25143191"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2014.10.017","article-title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle using Tephrosia tinctoria and its antidiabetic activity","volume":"138","author":"Rajaram","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, M.A., Shibila, T., Amutha, S., Menezes, I.R.A., da Costa, J.G.M., Sampaio, N.F.L., and Coutinho, H.D.M. (2020). Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Odontosoria chinensis (L.) J. Sm. and Evaluation of their Biological Potentials. Pharmaceuticals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13040066"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40097-018-0291-4","article-title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using the Plant Extract of Salvia spinosa Grown in vitro and their Antibacterial Activity Assessment","volume":"9","author":"Pirtarighat","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nanostruct. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2019.06.031","article-title":"Study of the Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using a Natural Extract of Dark or White Salvia hispanica L. Seeds and their Antibacterial Application","volume":"489","author":"Espinoza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"129","article-title":"Aroma Profile, Chemical Composition and Antiproliferative Activity of the Hydrodistilled Essential Oil of a Rare Salvia Species (Salvia greggii)","volume":"11","author":"Abaza","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biologically Act. Prod. Nat."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, O.R., Catarino, M.D., Afonso, A.F., Silva, A.M.S., and Cardoso, S.M. (2018). Salvia elegans, Salvia greggii and Salvia officinalis Decoctions: Antioxidant Activities and Inhibition of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolic Enzymes. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23123169"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mihailovic, V., Sreckovic, N., Nedic, Z.P., Dimitrijevic, S., Matic, M., Obradovic, A., Selakovic, D., Rosic, G., and Stankovic, K.J.S. (2023). Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Salvia verticillate and Filipendula ulmaria Extracts: Optimization of Synthesis, Biological Activities, and Catalytic Properties. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020808"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2023.127239","article-title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with an antibacterial activity using Salvia officinalis aqueous extract","volume":"614","author":"Takcl","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sreckovic, N.Z., Nedic, Z.P., Monti, D.M., D\u2019Elia, L., Dimitrijevic, S.B., Mihailovic, N.R., Stankovi\u0107, J.S.K., and Mihailovi\u0107, V.B. (2023). Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Salvia pratensis L. Aerial Part and Root Extracts: Bioactivity, Biocompatibility, and Catalytic Potential. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031387"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/abb6a8","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of biogenic silver and gold nanoparticles synthesized from Salvia africana-lutea and Sutherlandia frutescens","volume":"31","author":"Dube","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"339","article-title":"Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Salvia officinalis extract: Structural characterization, cytotoxicity, antileishmanial and antimicrobial activity","volume":"5","author":"Sharifi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomed. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1080\/00032719.2017.1325895","article-title":"Growth Dynamics Study of Silver Nanoparticles Obtained by Green Synthesis using Salvia officinalis Extract","volume":"50","author":"Nicolescu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620665","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.620665","article-title":"Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized with Salvia Officinalis leaf exert protective effect on hepatic tissue injury induced by Plasmodium Chabaudi","volume":"7","author":"Metwally","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876-020-01766-y","article-title":"Plant-based synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Salvia Officinalis: Characterization and its antiplasmodial activity","volume":"32","author":"Okaiyeto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clust. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2020.06.074","article-title":"Facile biofabrication of silver nanoparticles using Salvia officinalis leaf extract and its catalytic activity towards Congo red dye degradation","volume":"9","author":"Albeladi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"34","article-title":"Effect of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm quenching and prevention of biofilm formation","volume":"3","author":"Pratik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"2012","article-title":"A novel one-pot \u2018green\u2019 synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles using soluble starch","volume":"342","author":"Vigneshwaran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18564","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74371-8","article-title":"Ecofriendly silver nanoparticles synthesis by Brassica oleracea and its antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant properties","volume":"10","author":"Ansar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.110901","article-title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their application as an alternative antibacterial and antioxidant agent","volume":"112","author":"Yousaf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharifi-Rad, M., Pohl, P., and Epifano, F. (2021). Phytofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) with Pharmaceutical Capabilities Using Otostegia persica (Burm.) Boiss. Leaf Extract. Nanomaterials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11041045"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s40203-021-00112-y","article-title":"Multifaceted targeting strategies in cancer against the human notch 3 protein: A computational study","volume":"9","author":"Saranyadevi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Silico Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4855","DOI":"10.1039\/C4AN00978A","article-title":"A rapid method to estimate the concentration of citrate capped silver nanoparticles from UV-Visible light spectra","volume":"139","author":"Paramelle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765201820170598","article-title":"Silver and Gold Nanoparticles from Tannic Acid: Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Antileishmanial and Cytotoxic Activities","volume":"90","author":"Lopes","year":"2018","journal-title":"An. Acad. Bras. Cienc."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onano.2022.100047","article-title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Oxalis griffithii extract and assessing their antimicrobial activity","volume":"7","author":"Singla","year":"2022","journal-title":"OpenNano"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guilger-Casagrande, M., Germano-Costa, T., Bilesky-Jos\u00e9, N., Pasquoto-Stigliani, T., Carvalho, L., Fraceto, L.F., and de Lima, R. (2021). Influence of the capping of biogenic silver nanoparticles on their toxicity and mechanism of action towards Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. J. Nanobiotech., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-00797-5"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khane, Y., Benouis, K., Albukhaty, S., Sulaiman, G.M., Abomughaid, M.M., Al Ali, A., Aouf, D., Fenniche, F., Khane, S., and Chaibi, W. (2022). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous Citrus limon zest extract: Characterization and evaluation of their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Nanomaterials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12122013"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3126\/njst.v20i1.39384","article-title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Medicinal Plants Berberis asiatica and Cassia fistula and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-bacterial Activities","volume":"19","author":"Khadka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nepal. J. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598328","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/598328","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using cannonball leaves and their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell line","volume":"2013","author":"Devaraj","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906592","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/906592","article-title":"Green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Averrhoa bilimbi fruit extract","volume":"2013","author":"Isaac","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2012.01.026","article-title":"One step green synthesis of silver nano\/microparticles using extracts of Trachyspermum ammi and Papaver somniferum","volume":"94","author":"Vijayaraghavan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2004.08.012","article-title":"Diterpenoid glucosides from Salvia greggii","volume":"65","author":"Kawahara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayat, M., Zargar, M., Chudinova, E., Astarkhanova, T., and Pakina, E. (2021). In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Biogenic Silver and Copper Nanoparticles: The First Report of Applying Biogenic Nanoparticles against Pilidium concavum and Pestalotia sp. Fungi. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26175402"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876-019-01632-6","article-title":"In Vivo Toxicity Assessment of Laminarin Based Silver Nanoparticles from Turbinaria ornata in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"31","author":"Renuka","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clust. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2009.07.048","article-title":"Biosynthesis, Purification and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles using Escherichia coli","volume":"74","author":"Gurunathan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4417","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-022-01791-0","article-title":"Valorization of Saffron Tepals for the Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Efficiency Against Foodborne Pathogens","volume":"13","author":"Khorasani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Waste Biomass Valorization"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1049\/nbt2.12054","article-title":"Antimicrobial Potential and In vitro Cytotoxicity Study of Polyvinyl pyrollidone-stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Synthesised from Lysinibacillus boronitolerans","volume":"15","author":"Bhatia","year":"2021","journal-title":"IET Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.09.007","article-title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Conocarpus lancifolius plant extract and their antimicrobial and anticancer activities","volume":"29","author":"Oves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yassin, M.T., Mostafa, A.A.-F., Al-Askar, A.A., and Al-Otibi, F.O. (2022). Facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Origanum majorana with potential bioactivity against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Crystals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst12050603"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2022.103928","article-title":"Galbanic acid, a sesquiterpene coumarin as a novel candidate for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: In vitro hemocompatibility, antiproliferative, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties","volume":"34","author":"Chahardoli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nayab, D., and Akhtar, S. (2023). Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Eucalyptus Leaves can Enhance Shelf life of Banana without Penetrating in Pulp. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281675"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.08.022","article-title":"Evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm","volume":"40","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"5825","article-title":"Effect of surfactants and polymers on stability and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (NPs)","volume":"112","author":"Kvitek","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s12034-019-1986-y","article-title":"The effect of shape and size of ZnO nanoparticles on their antimicrobial and photocatalytic activities: A green approach","volume":"43","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull. Matt. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghaffar, N., Javad, S., Farrukh, M.A., Shah, A.A., Gatasheh, M.K., AL-Munqedhi, B.M.A., and Chaudhry, O. (2022). Metal nanoparticles assisted revival of Streptomycin against MDRS Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264588"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1021\/pr0504079","article-title":"Proteomic Analysis of the Mode of Antibacterial Action of Silver Nanoparticles","volume":"5","author":"Lok","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2004.02.012","article-title":"Silver Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Agent: A Case Study on E. coli as a Model for Gram-Negative Bacteria","volume":"275","author":"Sondi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2009.01.012","article-title":"Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Staphylococcus aureus and Its Antimicrobial Activity against MRSA and MRSE","volume":"5","author":"Nanda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2008.09.002","article-title":"Silver Nanoparticles as a New Generation of Antimicrobials","volume":"27","author":"Rai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B5.33336","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles and their orthopedic applications","volume":"97","author":"Brennan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone Jt. J."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"190ra81","article-title":"Silver Enhances Antibiotic Activity against Gram-Negative Bacteria","volume":"5","author":"Winkler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci. Trans. Med."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02218-06","article-title":"Does the Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Depend on the Shape of the Nanoparticle? A Study of the Gram-Negative Bacterium Escherichia coli","volume":"73","author":"Pal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02138-3","article-title":"Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their prospective biotechnological applications: An overview","volume":"199","author":"Salem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7589","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.11.7589-7593.2005","article-title":"Bactericidal action of silver ion solution on Escherichia Coli, studied by energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy and proteomic analysis","volume":"71","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/16\/10\/059","article-title":"The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles","volume":"16","author":"Morones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6806","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2013.7781","article-title":"Highly selective antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles against Bacillus subtilis","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-010-9900-y","article-title":"A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials and potential implications for human health and the environment","volume":"12","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2020.108968","article-title":"Mechanisms of potential antioxidant activity of caffeine","volume":"174","author":"Vieira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hailan, W.A., Al-Anazi, K.M., Farah, M.A., Ali, M.A., Al-Kawmani, A.A., and Abou-Tarboush, F.M. (2022). Reactive oxygen species-mediated cytotoxicity in liver carcinoma cells induced by silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Schinus molle extract. Nanomaterials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12010161"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2005.06.016","article-title":"Bacterial etiology of diabetic foot infections in South India","volume":"16","author":"Shankar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2014.07.007","article-title":"Evaluation of knowledge regarding gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with glycaemic level: A Malaysian study","volume":"9","author":"Hussain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prim. Care Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119249","article-title":"Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from Acacia nilotica and their anticancer, antidiabetic and antioxidant efficacy","volume":"304","author":"Zubair","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_87","unstructured":"AshaRani, P.V., Hande, M.P., and Valiyaveettil, S. (2012). Anti-proliferative activity of silver nanoparticles. BMC Cell Biol., 13."},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"3","article-title":"Inhibition of hydroxyl radical and hydroxyl radical-induced lipid peroxidation by a chelating complex of copper and N-acetylcysteine","volume":"55","author":"Samuni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"822","article-title":"Size-dependent cellular toxicity of silver nanoparticles","volume":"90","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1021\/nn800596w","article-title":"Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in human cells","volume":"3","author":"AshaRani","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"690","article-title":"Silver Nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity by a Trojan-horse type mechanism","volume":"25","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicology Vitr."},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"1686","article-title":"Insulin, oral hypoglycaemic agents and the pharmacology of endocrine pancreas","volume":"60","author":"Goodman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Basis Ther."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2015.06.026","article-title":"Enhancing antidiabetic and antimicrobial performance of Ocimum basilicum, and Ocimum sanctum (L.) using silver nanoparticles","volume":"24","author":"Malapermal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"9080279","article-title":"Gnidia glauca- and Plumbago zeylanica- mediated synthesis of novel copper nanoparticles as promising antidiabetic agents","volume":"2019","author":"Jamdade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avwioroko, O.J., Oyetunde, T.T., Atanu, F.O., Otuechere, C.A., Anigboro, A.A., Dairo, O.F., Ejoh, A.S., Ajibade, S.O., and Omorogie, M.O. (2020). Exploring the binding interactions of structurally diverse dichalcogenoimidodiphosphinate ligands with \u03b1-amylase: Spectroscopic approach coupled with molecular docking. Biochem. Biophys. Rep., 24.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2020.100837"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.102017","article-title":"Green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using aqueous plant extracts and its biomedical applications","volume":"34","author":"Vinodhini","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. King Saud. Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2019.103094","article-title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Holoptelea integrifolia and preliminary investigation of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antibacterial activities","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2018.02.049","article-title":"Characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antityrosinase activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Calophyllum tomentosum leaves extract","volume":"9","author":"Govindappa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Results Phys."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2017.1337031","article-title":"Exploiting antidiabetic activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Punica granatum leaves and anticancer potential against human liver cancer cells (HepG2)","volume":"46","author":"Saratale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saratale, G.D., Saratale, R.G., Kim, D.S., Kim, D.Y., and Shin, H.S. (2020). Exploiting fruit waste grape pomace for silver nanoparticles synthesis, assessing their antioxidant, antidiabetic potential and antibacterial activity against human pathogens: A novel approach. Nanomaterials, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10081457"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, G., Patra, J.K., Debnath, T., Ansari, A., and Shin, H.S. (2019). Investigation of antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, and cytotoxicity potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using the outer peel extract of Ananas comosus (L.). PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220950"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00014.2008","article-title":"Positive and negative regulation of insulin signaling by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species","volume":"89","author":"Bashan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol Rev."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201200511","article-title":"Possible effects of dietary polyphenols on sugar absorption and digestion","volume":"57","author":"Williamson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21525","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms141121525","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Diabetes: Implications for Vascular and Other Complications","volume":"14","author":"Pitocco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_105","unstructured":"Wikler, M.A. (2006). Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically: Approved Standard, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.291","article-title":"Biocompatible Fungal Chitosan Encapsulated Phytogenic Silver Nanoparticles Enhanced Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity","volume":"153","author":"Sathiyaseelan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/2\/904\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:44:19Z","timestamp":1760103859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/2\/904"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25020904"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25020904","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]}}}