{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:34:41Z","timestamp":1787726081192,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":253,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006360","name":"German Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["50WK2270G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50WK2270G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006360","name":"German Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["50WB2219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50WB2219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer is defined as a group of diseases characterized by abnormal cell growth, expansion, and progression with metastasis. Various signaling pathways are involved in its development. Malignant tumors exhibit a high morbidity and mortality. Cancer research increased our knowledge about some of the underlying mechanisms, but to this day, our understanding of this disease is unclear. High throughput omics technology and bioinformatics were successful in detecting some of the unknown cancer mechanisms. However, novel groundbreaking research and ideas are necessary. A stay in orbit causes biochemical and molecular biological changes in human cancer cells which are first, and above all, due to microgravity (\u00b5g). The \u00b5g-environment provides conditions that are not reachable on Earth, which allow researchers to focus on signaling pathways controlling cell growth and metastasis. Cancer research in space already demonstrated how cancer cell-exposure to \u00b5g influenced several biological processes being involved in cancer. This novel approach has the potential to fight cancer and to develop future cancer strategies. Space research has been shown to impact biological processes in cancer cells like proliferation, apoptosis, cell survival, adhesion, migration, the cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix, focal adhesion, and growth factors, among others. This concise review focuses on publications related to genetic, transcriptional, epigenetic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies on tumor cells exposed to real space conditions or to simulated \u00b5g using simulation devices. We discuss all omics studies investigating different tumor cell types from the brain and hematological system, sarcomas, as well as thyroid, prostate, breast, gynecologic, gastrointestinal, and lung cancers, in order to gain new and innovative ideas for understanding the basic biology of cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25020926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T06:52:14Z","timestamp":1704955934000},"page":"926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Omics Studies of Tumor Cells under Microgravity Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jenny","family":"Graf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0226-964X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herbert","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"Research Group \u201cMagdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft f\u00fcr Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen\u201d (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8160-859X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Wehland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"Research Group \u201cMagdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft f\u00fcr Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und 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University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5495-6951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon L.","family":"Wuest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Biology Group, Institute of Medical Engineering, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6052 Hergiswil, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4064-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel","family":"Egli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Biology Group, Institute of Medical Engineering, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6052 Hergiswil, Switzerland"},{"name":"National Center for Biomedical Research in Space, Innovation Cluster Space and Aviation (UZH Space Hub), University Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1120-0246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"Research Group \u201cMagdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft f\u00fcr Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen\u201d (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group \u201cMagdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft f\u00fcr Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen\u201d (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra M.","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"Research Group \u201cMagdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft f\u00fcr Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen\u201d (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Infanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group \u201cMagdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft f\u00fcr Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen\u201d (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, 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Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1038\/35059243","article-title":"Humans in space","volume":"409","author":"White","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monici, M., van Loon, J., Chouk\u00e9r, A., and Iorio, C.S. 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