{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:37:26Z","timestamp":1788849446481,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":208,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Scientific Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFC2705193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2705193"]}]},{"name":"National Key Scientific Research and Development Program of China","award":["82370713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370713"]}]},{"name":"National Key Scientific Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022BCA047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022BCA047"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFC2705193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2705193"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82370713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370713"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022BCA047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022BCA047"]}]},{"name":"Key Scientific Research and Development Program of Hubei Province","award":["2022YFC2705193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2705193"]}]},{"name":"Key Scientific Research and Development Program of Hubei Province","award":["82370713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370713"]}]},{"name":"Key Scientific Research and Development Program of Hubei Province","award":["2022BCA047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022BCA047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The function of the respiratory chain is closely associated with kidney function, and the dysfunction of the respiratory chain is a primary pathophysiological change in chronic kidney failure. The incidence of chronic kidney failure caused by defects in respiratory-chain-related genes has frequently been overlooked. Correcting abnormal metabolic reprogramming, rescuing the \u201ctoxic respiratory chain\u201d, and targeting the clearance of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are potential therapies for treating chronic kidney failure. These treatments have shown promising results in slowing fibrosis and inflammation progression and improving kidney function in various animal models of chronic kidney failure and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mitochondrial respiratory chain is a key target worthy of attention in the treatment of chronic kidney failure. This review integrated research related to the mitochondrial respiratory chain and chronic kidney failure, primarily elucidating the pathological status of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in chronic kidney failure and potential therapeutic drugs. It provided new ideas for the treatment of kidney failure and promoted the development of drugs targeting the mitochondrial respiratory chain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25020949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T07:47:16Z","timestamp":1705045636000},"page":"949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Focus on Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain: Potential Therapeutic Target for Chronic Renal Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6075-2916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2468-4131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianhua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.07.012","article-title":"A single number for advocacy and communication-worldwide more than 850 million individuals have kidney diseases","volume":"96","author":"Jager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60439-0","article-title":"Evolving importance of kidney disease: From subspecialty to global health burden","volume":"382","author":"Eckardt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142001","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1142001","article-title":"Natural products for kidney disease treatment: Focus on targeting mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5210-0","article-title":"Hypothesis: Early renal replacement therapy increases mortality in critically ill patients with acute on chronic renal failure. A post hoc analysis of the AKIKI trial","volume":"44","author":"Gaudry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12413","article-title":"Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation","volume":"28","author":"Stoumpos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elshahat, S., Cockwell, P., Maxwell, A.P., Griffin, M., O\u2019brien, T., and O\u2019neill, C. (2020). The impact of chronic kidney disease on developed countries from a health economics perspective: A systematic scoping review. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230512"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2006.04475.x","article-title":"Renal oxygen delivery: Matching delivery to metabolic demand","volume":"33","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.06.016","article-title":"A mitochondrial protein compendium elucidates complex I disease biology","volume":"134","author":"Pagliarini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"F357","article-title":"Stoichiometry and coupling of active transport to oxidative metabolism in epithelial tissues","volume":"240","author":"Mandel","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.48.030186.000301","article-title":"ATP and the regulation of renal cell function","volume":"48","author":"Soltoff","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.107","article-title":"Mitochondrial energetics in the kidney","volume":"13","author":"Bhargava","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-015-0044-z","article-title":"Mitochondria: A new therapeutic target in chronic kidney disease","volume":"12","author":"Granata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popkov, V.A., Silachev, D.N., Zalevsky, A.O., Zorov, D.B., and Plotnikov, E.Y. (2019). Mitochondria as a Source and a Target for Uremic Toxins. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20123094"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021115-105045","article-title":"The Biochemistry and Physiology of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid \u03b2-Oxidation and Its Genetic Disorders","volume":"78","author":"Houten","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, A.A., Draves, S.O., and Rosca, M. (2021). Mitochondria in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112945"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mapuskar, K.A., Vasquez-Martinez, G., Mayoral-Andrade, G., Tomanek-Chalkley, A., Zepeda-Orozco, D., and Allen, B.G. (2023). Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism: An Emerging Therapeutic Target to Improve CKD Outcomes. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11061573"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.04.012","article-title":"Anaerobic Glycolysis Maintains the Glomerular Filtration Barrier Independent of Mitochondrial Metabolism and Dynamics","volume":"27","author":"Brinkkoetter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.06.037","article-title":"Role of PFKFB3-driven glycolysis in vessel sprouting","volume":"154","author":"Georgiadou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2018.01.003","article-title":"The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor \u03b3 Coactivator 1\u03b1 (PGC-1\u03b1) in Kidney Disease","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3762","article-title":"Defective fatty acid oxidation in renal tubular epithelial cells has a key role in kidney fibrosis development","volume":"21","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00415-0","article-title":"The assembly, regulation and function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain","volume":"23","author":"Vercellino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3997","article-title":"A giant molecular proton pump: Structure and mechanism of respiratory complex I","volume":"16","author":"Sazanov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4987","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.771899","article-title":"Respiratory Complex I in Bos taurus and Paracoccus denitrificans Pumps Four Protons across the Membrane for Every NADH Oxidized","volume":"292","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kampjut, D., and Sazanov, L.A. (2022). Structure of respiratory complex I\u2014An emerging blueprint for the mechanism. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol., 74.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2022.102350"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170916","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2017.0916","article-title":"Long-range proton-coupled electron transfer in biological energy conversion: Towards mechanistic understanding of respiratory complex I","volume":"15","author":"Kaila","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.023","article-title":"Assembly of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase in human health and disease","volume":"207","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markevich, N.I., Galimova, M.H., and Markevich, L.N. (2020). Hysteresis and bistability in the succinate-CoQ reductase activity and reactive oxygen species production in the mitochondrial respiratory complex II. Redox Biol., 37.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101630"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goetzman, E., Gong, Z., Zhang, B., and Muzumdar, R. (2023). Complex II Biology in Aging, Health, and Disease. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12071477"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13868","article-title":"The cytochrome bc1 complex as an antipathogenic target","volume":"594","author":"Fisher","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6936","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16164","article-title":"The mitochondrial coenzyme Q junction and complex III: Biochemistry and pathophysiology","volume":"289","author":"Banerjee","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2015.07.002","article-title":"The subunit composition and function of mammalian cytochrome c oxidase","volume":"24","author":"Kadenbach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2012.01.008","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling","volume":"24","author":"Ray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"45","article-title":"Role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in homeostasis regulation","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Rep. Commun. Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2014.09.010","article-title":"ROS-dependent signal transduction","volume":"33","author":"Reczek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3801","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms and physiological consequences of redox-dependent signalling","volume":"15","author":"Finkel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00456-z","article-title":"Defining roles of specific reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell biology and physiology","volume":"23","author":"Sies","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1159\/000526308","article-title":"Reprogramming of Energy Metabolism in Kidney Disease","volume":"147","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05748-2","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of proximal tubular metabolism in acute kidney injury","volume":"38","author":"Piret","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155194","article-title":"Transition of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease: Role of metabolic reprogramming","volume":"131","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metab. Clin. Exp."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00592-x","article-title":"Immunometabolic rewiring of tubular epithelial cells in kidney disease","volume":"18","author":"Leemans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186715","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2023.2186715","article-title":"Exploratory metabolomic analysis based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS\/MS to study hypoxia-reoxygenation energy metabolic alterations in HK-2 cells","volume":"45","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freitas-Lima, L.C., Budu, A., Arruda, A.C., Perilh\u00e3o, M.S., Barrera-Chimal, J., Araujo, R.C., and Estrela, G.R. (2020). PPAR-\u03b1 Deletion Attenuates Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity by Modulating Renal Organic Transporters MATE-1 and OCT-2. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197416"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3758","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.71722","article-title":"Twist1 downregulation of PGC-1\u03b1 decreases fatty acid oxidation in tubular epithelial cells, leading to kidney fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1720","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00536.2017","article-title":"Palmitate aggravates proteinuria-induced cell death and inflammation via CD36-inflammasome axis in the proximal tubular cells of obese mice","volume":"315","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.049","article-title":"Astragalosides IV protected the renal tubular epithelial cells from free fatty acids-induced injury by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis","volume":"108","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, C.-C., Chou, C.-A., Chen, W.-Y., Yang, J.-L., Lee, W.-C., Chen, J.-B., Lee, C.-T., and Li, L.-C. (2021). Empagliflozin Ameliorates Free Fatty Acid Induced-Lipotoxicity in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells via the PPAR\u03b3\/CD36 Pathway in Obese Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212408"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622737","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.622737","article-title":"Exenatide Attenuates Obesity-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Activating SIRT1 in Renal Tubular Cells","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.011","article-title":"cGAS-STING signaling pathway promotes hypoxia-induced renal fibrosis by regulating PFKFB3-mediated glycolysis","volume":"208","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05305-7","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-21a-5p alleviates renal fibrosis by attenuating glycolysis by targeting PFKM","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.004","article-title":"GPR87 promotes renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by accelerating glycolysis and mitochondrial injury","volume":"189","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3356","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015020177","article-title":"Mitochondrial Pathology and Glycolytic Shift during Proximal Tubule Atrophy after Ischemic AKI","volume":"27","author":"Lan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03837-2","article-title":"Alamandine\/MrgD axis prevents TGF-\u03b21-mediated fibroblast activation via regulation of aerobic glycolysis and mitophagy","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"1514","article-title":"A history of uraemic toxicity and of the European Uraemic Toxin Work Group (EUTox)","volume":"14","author":"Vanholder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00924.x","article-title":"Review on uremic toxins: Classification, concentration, and interindividual variability","volume":"63","author":"Vanholder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.497","article-title":"4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) modified proteins in metabolic diseases","volume":"111","author":"Castro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, S., Sharma, P., Bailey, T., Bhattarai, S., Subedi, U., Miller, C., Ara, H., Kidambi, S., Sun, H., and Panchatcharam, M. (2022). Electrophilic Aldehyde 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal Mediated Signaling and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12111555"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1356948","article-title":"Regulation of autophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, and cellular bioenergetics by 4-hydroxynonenal in primary neurons","volume":"13","author":"Dodson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.211","article-title":"Phenelzine mitochondrial functional preservation and neuroprotection after traumatic brain injury related to scavenging of the lipid peroxidation-derived aldehyde 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal","volume":"33","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. Off. J. Int. Soc. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Menhali, A.S., Banu, S., Angelova, P.R., Barcaru, A., Horvatovich, P., Abramov, A.Y., and Jaganjac, M. (2020). Lipid peroxidation is involved in calcium dependent upregulation of mitochondrial metabolism in skeletal muscle. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj., 1864.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2019.129487"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.09.002","article-title":"Alterations in mitochondrial respiratory functions, redox metabolism and apoptosis by oxidant 4-hydroxynonenal and antioxidants curcumin and melatonin in PC12 cells","volume":"226","author":"Raza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5188","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200900116","article-title":"Detection and identification of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal Schiff-base adducts along with products of Michael addition using data-dependent neutral loss-driven MS3 acquisition: Method evaluation through an in vitro study on cytochrome c oxidase modifications","volume":"9","author":"Rauniyar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290611","article-title":"Formation of 4-hydroxynonenal adducts with cytochrome c oxidase in rats following short-term ethanol intake","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.10.040","article-title":"Decreased complex II respiration and HNE-modified SDH subunit in diabetic heart","volume":"40","author":"Lashin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2014.09.006","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) modified proteins in liver mitochondria from chronic ethanol-fed rats","volume":"2","author":"Andringa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques, E.P., Ferreira, F.S., Santos, T.M., Prezzi, C.A., Martins, L.A., Bobermin, L.D., Quincozes-Santos, A., and Wyse, A.T. (2019). Cross-talk between guanidinoacetate neurotoxicity, memory and possible neuroprotective role of creatine. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis., 1865.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2019.08.005"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37361","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M604123200","article-title":"Mitochondrial creatine kinase activity prevents reactive oxygen species generation: Antioxidant role of mitochondrial kinase-dependent ADP re-cycling activity","volume":"281","author":"Meyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155343","article-title":"Resistin impairs mitochondrial homeostasis via cyclase-associated protein 1-mediated fission, leading to obesity-induced metabolic diseases","volume":"138","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metab. Clin. Exp."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"943","article-title":"Uremia induces adipose tissue inflammation and muscle mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"32","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. Off. Publ. Eur. Dial. Transpl. Assoc.-Eur. Ren. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, F.S.C., and Faria, M. (2023). Adsorption- and Displacement-Based Approaches for the Removal of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins. Toxins, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15020110"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C701","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00098.2019","article-title":"Uremic metabolites impair skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics through disruption of the electron transport system and matrix dehydrogenase activity","volume":"317","author":"Thome","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2012.09.006","article-title":"Uremic toxins inhibit renal metabolic capacity through interference with glucuronidation and mitochondrial respiration","volume":"1832","author":"Mutsaers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, W., Feng, J., Ji, P., Liu, Y., Wan, H., and Zhang, J. (2023). Association of hyperhomocysteinemia and chronic kidney disease in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-023-03295-y"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.03.015","article-title":"Identification of homocysteine-suppressive mitochondrial ETC complex genes and tissue expression profile-Novel hypothesis establishment","volume":"17","author":"Cueto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piko, N., Bevc, S., Hojs, R., and Ekart, R. (2023). The Role of Oxidative Stress in Kidney Injury. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12091772"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.201.8.1129","article-title":"Mitochondrial oxygen affinity, respiratory flux control and excess capacity of cytochrome c oxidase","volume":"201","author":"Gnaiger","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalczyk, P., Sulejczak, D., Kleczkowska, P., Bukowska-O\u015bko, I., Kucia, M., Popiel, M., Wietrak, E., Kramkowski, K., Wrzosek, K., and Kaczy\u0144ska, K. (2021). Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress\u2014A Causative Factor and Therapeutic Target in Many Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413384"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2015.1103654","article-title":"The association of oxidant-antioxidant status in patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"38","author":"Aziz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/00041552-200401000-00013","article-title":"Roles of oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy in chronic kidney disease and hypertension","volume":"13","author":"Vaziri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3081856","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3081856","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Hemodialysis Patients: A Review of the Literature","volume":"2017","author":"Liakopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaghouri, P., Maalouf, N., Peters, S.L., Nowak, P.J., Peczek, K., Zasowska-Nowak, A., and Nowicki, M. (2021). Two Faces of Vitamin C in Hemodialysis Patients: Relation to Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030791"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.032","article-title":"CKD Due to a Novel Mitochondrial DNA Mutation: A Case Report","volume":"73","author":"Fervenza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis. Off. J. Natl. Kidney Found."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.12.028","article-title":"Clinicopathologic Features of Mitochondrial Nephropathy","volume":"7","author":"Imasawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Rep."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"1456","article-title":"Renal Fanconi syndrome: Taking a proximal look at the nephron","volume":"30","author":"Klootwijk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. Off. Publ. Eur. Dial. Transpl. Assoc.-Eur. Ren. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/ng706","article-title":"A mutant mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly protein causes complex III deficiency in patients with tubulopathy, encephalopathy and liver failure","volume":"29","author":"Valnot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(95)06238-6","article-title":"Simultaneous metabolic profile studies of three patients with fatal infantile mitochondrial myopathy-de Toni-Fanconi-Debr\u00e9 syndrome by GC\/MS","volume":"247","author":"Ning","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta Int. J. Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nephro.2012.10.004","article-title":"Renal involvement in mitochondrial cytopathies","volume":"9","author":"Niaudet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nephrol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nephro.2017.01.014","article-title":"Mitochondrial cytopathies and the kidney","volume":"13","author":"Emma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-019-04404-6","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA mutations in renal disease: An overview","volume":"36","author":"Govers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-018-3937-z","article-title":"COQ2 nephropathy: A treatable cause of nephrotic syndrome in children","volume":"33","author":"Starr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.04.029","article-title":"Oral Coenzyme Q10 supplementation leads to better preservation of kidney function in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome due to primary Coenzyme Q10 deficiency","volume":"102","author":"Drovandi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70359-4","article-title":"Deletion of mitochondrial DNA in patient with chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis","volume":"126","author":"Niaudet","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2009.10.010","article-title":"A novel mitochondrial MTND5 frameshift mutation causing isolated complex I deficiency, renal failure and myopathy","volume":"20","author":"Alston","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord. NMD"},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"669","article-title":"The molecular basis of human complex I deficiency","volume":"63","author":"Tucker","year":"2011","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.05.021","article-title":"Biallelic Mutations in TMEM126B Cause Severe Complex I Deficiency with a Variable Clinical Phenotype","volume":"99","author":"Alston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.351","article-title":"Downregulation of NDUFB6 due to 9p24.1-p13.3 loss is implicated in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma","volume":"4","author":"Narimatsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6283","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711888115","article-title":"Early loss of mitochondrial complex I and rewiring of glutathione metabolism in renal oncocytoma","volume":"115","author":"Gopal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2016.11.010","article-title":"Systematic Expression Analysis of Mitochondrial Complex I Identifies NDUFS1 as a Biomarker in Clear-Cell Renal-Cell Carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Ellinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Genitourin. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-1511","article-title":"Role of NADH Dehydrogenase (Ubiquinone) 1 Alpha Subcomplex 4-Like 2 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Minton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2015.09.039","article-title":"Neonatal multiorgan failure due to ACAD9 mutation and complex I deficiency with mitochondrial hyperplasia in liver, cardiac myocytes, skeletal muscle, and renal tubules","volume":"49","author":"Leslie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2015.264","article-title":"High incidence and variable clinical outcome of cardiac hypertrophy due to ACAD9 mutations in childhood","volume":"24","author":"Collet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet. EJHG"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI40076","article-title":"Individuals with mutations in XPNPEP3, which encodes a mitochondrial protein, develop a nephronophthisis-like nephropathy","volume":"120","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107446","article-title":"Mutational burden of XPNPEP3 leads to defects in mitochondrial complex I and cilia in NPHPL1","volume":"26","author":"Tong","year":"2023","journal-title":"IScience"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4719","article-title":"Deficiency in mitochondrial complex I activity due to Ndufs6 gene trap insertion induces renal disease","volume":"19","author":"Forbes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05927-5","article-title":"Pyruvate transamination and NAD biosynthesis enable proliferation of succinate dehydrogenase-deficient cells by supporting aerobic glycolysis","volume":"14","author":"Ricci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1086\/381054","article-title":"Early-onset renal cell carcinoma as a novel extraparaganglial component of SDHB-associated heritable paraganglioma","volume":"74","author":"Vanharanta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-004-1725-4","article-title":"Respiratory chain deficiency presenting as congenital nephrotic syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.5414\/CN106681","article-title":"Hemolytic uremic syndrome and rhabdomyolysis in a patient with succinate coenzyme Q reductase (complex II) deficiency","volume":"76","author":"Micheletti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155416660291","article-title":"The Use of Cytochrome C Oxidase Enzyme Activity and Immunohistochemistry in Defining Mitochondrial Injury in Kidney Disease","volume":"64","author":"Rosen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem. Off. J. Histochem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.181","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA deletion: A cause of chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy","volume":"45","author":"Szabolcs","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-006-0288-y","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA deletion in a girl with Fanconi\u2019s syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Au","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050802","article-title":"Renal Fanconi syndrome: First sign of partial respiratory chain complex IV deficiency","volume":"14","author":"Koch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e381","DOI":"10.1212\/NXG.0000000000000381","article-title":"Expanding the molecular and phenotypic spectrum of truncating MT-ATP6 mutations","volume":"6","author":"Bugiardini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36313","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36313","article-title":"Identification of G8969>A in mitochondrial ATP6 gene that severely compromises ATP synthase function in a patient with IgA nephropathy","volume":"6","author":"Wen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.016","article-title":"Manganese porphyrin reduces renal injury and mitochondrial damage during ischemia\/reperfusion","volume":"42","author":"Saba","year":"2007","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zqad010","DOI":"10.1093\/function\/zqad010","article-title":"Renal Dysfunction due to Tenofovir-Diphosphate Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex V (ATP Synthase)","volume":"4","year":"2023","journal-title":"Function"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1086\/500092","article-title":"A mutation in para-hydroxybenzoate-polyprenyl transferase (COQ2) causes primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency","volume":"78","author":"Quinzii","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29089","article-title":"Prenyldiphosphate synthase, subunit 1 (PDSS1) and OH-benzoate polyprenyltransferase (COQ2) mutations in ubiquinone deficiency and oxidative phosphorylation disorders","volume":"117","author":"Mollet","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s213","DOI":"10.1016\/0098-2997(94)90031-0","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10 levels, plasma lipids and peroxidation extent in renal failure and in hemodialytic patients","volume":"15","author":"Lippa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006080833","article-title":"COQ2 nephropathy: A newly described inherited mitochondriopathy with primary renal involvement","volume":"18","author":"Santorelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI45693","article-title":"COQ6 mutations in human patients produce nephrotic syndrome with sensorineural deafness","volume":"121","author":"Heeringa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2019.01.011","article-title":"Primary coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-6 (COQ10D6): Two siblings with variable expressivity of the renal phenotype","volume":"63","author":"Toksoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_122","first-page":"612","article-title":"Tissue-specific oxidative stress and loss of mitochondria in CoQ-deficient Pdss2 mutant mice","volume":"27","author":"Quinzii","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J. Off. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3634-3","article-title":"Follow-up results of patients with ADCK4 mutations and the efficacy of CoQ10 treatment","volume":"32","author":"Atmaca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1360","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.1360","article-title":"COQ8B nephropathy: Early detection and optimal treatment","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Genom. Med."},{"key":"ref_125","first-page":"415","article-title":"Encephalopathy, kidney failure and retinopathy. CoQ10 deficiency due to COQ8B mutation","volume":"94","author":"Salas","year":"2021","journal-title":"An. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3766","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddz202","article-title":"Molecular genetic investigations identify new clinical phenotypes associated with BCS1L-related mitochondrial disease","volume":"28","author":"Berti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-015-2661-y","article-title":"A novel mutation in BCS1L associated with deafness, tubulopathy, growth retardation and microcephaly","volume":"175","author":"Jackson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.07.007","article-title":"Severe renal tubulopathy in a newborn due to BCS1L gene mutation: Effects of different treatment modalities on the clinical course","volume":"528","author":"Ezgu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.24953\/turkjped.2016.06.013","article-title":"A Turkish BCS1L mutation causes GRACILE-like disorder","volume":"58","author":"Kotarsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turk. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2014.900422","article-title":"BCS1L gene mutation causing GRACILE syndrome: Case report","volume":"36","author":"Kasapkara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Virmani, M.A., and Cirulli, M. (2022). The Role of l-Carnitine in Mitochondria, Prevention of Metabolic Inflexibility and Disease Initiation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052717"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.05.103","article-title":"Antioxidant and antiradical activities of L-carnitine","volume":"78","year":"2006","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_133","first-page":"73","article-title":"Translating the basic knowledge of mitochondrial functions to metabolic therapy: Role of L-carnitine","volume":"161","author":"Marcovina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl. Res. J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000496720","article-title":"Prevalence of Carnitine Deficiency and Decreased Carnitine Levels in Patients on Hemodialysis","volume":"47","author":"Hatanaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-05101-z","article-title":"The role of carnitine in maintenance dialysis therapy","volume":"36","author":"Morgans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_136","first-page":"CD013601","article-title":"Carnitine supplements for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis","volume":"12","author":"Nishioka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-018-0348-y","article-title":"Efficacy of L-carnitine supplementation for improving lean body mass and physical function in patients on hemodialysis: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"73","author":"Maruyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_138","first-page":"144","article-title":"Effect of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers and Serum Glucose in Hemodialysis Children: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"32","author":"Imani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ren. Nutr. Off. J. Counc. Ren. Nutr. Natl. Kidney Found."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukuda, S., Koyama, H., Kondo, K., Fujii, H., Hirayama, Y., Tabata, T., Okamura, M., Yamakawa, T., Okada, S., and Hirata, S. (2015). Effects of nutritional supplementation on fatigue, and autonomic and immune dysfunction in patients with end-stage renal disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119578"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-05080-1","article-title":"Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on lipid profile and apolipoproteins in children on hemodialysis: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Zarezadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80611-X","article-title":"Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration through the thermogenic coactivator PGC-1","volume":"98","author":"Wu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06613","article-title":"HIF-independent regulation of VEGF and angiogenesis by the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha","volume":"451","author":"Arany","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-017-1628-5","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3-coactivator 1\u03b1 (PGC-1\u03b1) gene expression in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis: Relation to hemodialysis-related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality","volume":"49","author":"Elsayed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3638","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1353","article-title":"Improvement of Physical Decline Through Combined Effects of Muscle Enhancement and Mitochondrial Activation by a Gastric Hormone Ghrelin in Male 5\/6Nx CKD Model Mice","volume":"156","author":"Tamaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1128","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00600.2016","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease induces autophagy leading to dysfunction of mitochondria in skeletal muscle","volume":"312","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2018.7620","article-title":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-\u03b3 Coactivator-1\u03b1 Inhibits Vascular Calcification Through Sirtuin 3-Mediated Reduction of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress","volume":"31","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fontecha-Barriuso, M., Martin-Sanchez, D., Martinez-Moreno, J.M., Monsalve, M., Ramos, A.M., Sanchez-Ni\u00f1o, M.D., Ruiz-Ortega, M., Ortiz, A., and Sanz, A.B. (2020). The Role of PGC-1\u03b1 and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Kidney Diseases. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10020347"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, P., Ma, H., Cui, S., Zhou, X., Xu, W., Yu, J., and Li, J. (2022). ZLN005 Alleviates In Vivo and In Vitro Renal Fibrosis via PGC-1\u03b1-Mediated Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15040434"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0703","article-title":"Novel small-molecule PGC-1\u03b1 transcriptional regulator with beneficial effects on diabetic db\/db mice","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_150","first-page":"153947","article-title":"Shen Shuai \u2161 Recipe attenuates renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease by improving hypoxia-induced the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics via PGC-1\u03b1 activation","volume":"98","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomed. Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharm."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aranda-Rivera, A.K., Cruz-Gregorio, A., Aparicio-Trejo, O.E., Tapia, E., S\u00e1nchez-Lozada, L.G., Garc\u00eda-Arroyo, F.E., Amador-Mart\u00ednez, I., Orozco-Ibarra, M., Fern\u00e1ndez-Valverde, F., and Pedraza-Chaverri, J. (2022). Sulforaphane Protects against Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction-Induced Renal Damage in Rats by Alleviating Mitochondrial and Lipid Metabolism Impairment. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11101854"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.6b01086","article-title":"Cucurbitane Glucosides from the Crude Extract of Siraitia grosvenorii with Moderate Effects on PGC-1\u03b1 Promoter Activity","volume":"80","author":"Niu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345098","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/345098","article-title":"Role of PPAR\u03b1 and Its Agonist in Renal Diseases","volume":"2010","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"PPAR Res."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017070802","article-title":"Impairment of PPAR\u03b1 and the Fatty Acid Oxidation Pathway Aggravates Renal Fibrosis during Aging","volume":"29","author":"Chung","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.09.023","article-title":"ATF6\u03b1 downregulation of PPAR\u03b1 promotes lipotoxicity-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis","volume":"95","author":"Jao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121590","article-title":"Pemafibrate inhibited renal dysfunction and fibrosis in a mouse model of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease","volume":"321","author":"Horinouchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e140695","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI140695","article-title":"Renal tubule Cpt1a overexpression protects from kidney fibrosis by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis","volume":"131","author":"Miguel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Xin, X., Zhao, G., Zou, Y., and Li, X.-F. (2022). In vitro absorption and lipid-lowering activity of baicalin esters synthesized by whole-cell catalyzed esterification. Bioorg. Chem., 120.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2022.105628"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E5896","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1801745115","article-title":"Chemoproteomics reveals baicalin activates hepatic CPT1 to ameliorate diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis","volume":"115","author":"Dai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015111277","article-title":"Mitochondria in Kidney Injury: When the Power Plant Fails","volume":"27","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, S., Wu, W., Liao, J., Zhang, X., Shen, M., Li, X., Lin, Q., and Cao, C. (2022). Molecular mechanisms underlying the renal protective effects of coenzyme Q10 in acute kidney injury. Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett., 27.","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-022-00361-5"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeung, C.K., Billings, F.T., Claessens, A.J., Roshanravan, B., Linke, L., Sundell, M.B., Ahmad, S., Shao, B., Shen, D.D., and Ikizler, T.A. (2015). Coenzyme Q10 dose-escalation study in hemodialysis patients: Safety, tolerability, and effect on oxidative stress. BMC Nephrol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-015-0178-2"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e167274","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.167274","article-title":"Randomized crossover clinical trial of coenzyme Q10 and nicotinamide riboside in chronic kidney disease","volume":"8","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8253","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08899-7","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10 Improves Lipid Metabolism and Ameliorates Obesity by Regulating CaMKII-Mediated PDE4 Inhibition","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5406","article-title":"Ubiquinol-10 supplementation activates mitochondria functions to decelerate senescence in senescence-accelerated mice","volume":"20","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3710","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612824666181112112857","article-title":"The Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Metabolic Profiles of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"24","author":"Bakhshayeshkaram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-010-0350-8","article-title":"Renal preservation effect of ubiquinol, the reduced form of coenzyme Q10","volume":"15","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0800582","article-title":"Early coenzyme Q10 supplementation in primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency","volume":"358","author":"Montini","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2021040439","article-title":"Kidney-Targeted Renalase Agonist Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease by Inhibiting Regulated Necrosis and Inflammation","volume":"33","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.09.020","article-title":"Persistent increase in mitochondrial superoxide mediates cisplatin-induced chronic kidney disease","volume":"20","author":"Mapuskar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oikawa, Y., Izumi, R., Koide, M., Hagiwara, Y., Kanzaki, M., Suzuki, N., Kikuchi, K., Matsuhashi, T., Akiyama, Y., and Ichijo, M. (2020). Mitochondrial dysfunction underlying sporadic inclusion body myositis is ameliorated by the mitochondrial homing drug MA-5. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.17.995159"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.236.225","article-title":"Mitochonic Acid 5 (MA-5), a Derivative of the Plant Hormone Indole-3-Acetic Acid, Improves Survival of Fibroblasts from Patients with Mitochondrial Diseases","volume":"236","author":"Suzuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.05.016","article-title":"Mitochonic Acid 5 (MA-5) Facilitates ATP Synthase Oligomerization and Cell Survival in Various Mitochondrial Diseases","volume":"20","author":"Matsuhashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2011.09.022","article-title":"Complex I and cytochrome c are molecular targets of flavonoids that inhibit hydrogen peroxide production by mitochondria","volume":"1807","author":"Lagoa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, D., Yang, Y., Zou, X., Zheng, Z., and Zhang, J. (2020). Curcumin ameliorates CKD-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress through inhibiting GSK-3\u03b2 activity. J. Nutr. Biochem., 83.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2020.108404"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2014.954109","article-title":"Curcumin prevents maleate-induced nephrotoxicity: Relation to hemodynamic alterations, oxidative stress, mitochondrial oxygen consumption and activity of respiratory complex I","volume":"48","author":"Tapia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1338","article-title":"Curcumin prevents mitochondrial dynamics disturbances in early 5\/6 nephrectomy: Relation to oxidative stress and mitochondrial bioenergetics","volume":"43","author":"Tapia","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1071","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90925.2008","article-title":"Quercetin increases brain and muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and exercise tolerance","volume":"296","author":"Davis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(00)00608-7","article-title":"Modulation of apoptotic and inflammatory genes by bioflavonoids and angiotensin II inhibition in ureteral obstruction","volume":"56","author":"Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000183290.64309.21","article-title":"Beneficial effects of the bioflavonoids curcumin and quercetin on early function in cadaveric renal transplantation: A randomized placebo controlled trial","volume":"80","author":"Shoskes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-007-0262-x","article-title":"Resveratrol attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"82","author":"Francescato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.347","article-title":"Resveratrol improves renal microcirculation, protects the tubular epithelium, and prolongs survival in a mouse model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury","volume":"81","author":"Holthoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2017.04.002","article-title":"Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function in the remnant kidney from 5\/6 nephrectomized rats","volume":"119","author":"Hui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.01.003","article-title":"Resveratrol nanoformulations: Challenges and opportunities","volume":"479","author":"Summerlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_185","first-page":"154495","article-title":"Zhen Wu decoction represses renal fibrosis by invigorating tubular NRF2 and TFAM to fuel mitochondrial bioenergetics","volume":"108","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomed. Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharm."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowak, G., and Megyesi, J. (2021). \u03b3-Tocotrienol Protects against Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Energy Deficits, Morphological Damage, and Decreases in Renal Functions after Renal Ischemia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312674"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5407","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0931245100","article-title":"Delivery of bioactive molecules to mitochondria in vivo","volume":"100","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4588","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M009093200","article-title":"Selective targeting of a redox-active ubiquinone to mitochondria within cells: Antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties","volume":"276","author":"Kelso","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F448","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00067.2023","article-title":"Effects of a mitochondrial-targeted ubiquinol on vascular function and exercise capacity in chronic kidney disease: A randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"325","author":"Kirkman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13004","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13004","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin\/RAS signaling mediates age-related renal fibrosis and is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"18","author":"Miao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Fan, X., Wang, Q., Zhen, J., Li, X., Zhou, P., Lang, Y., Sheng, Q., Zhang, T., and Huang, T. (2023). ROS promote hyper-methylation of NDRG2 promoters in a DNMTS-dependent manner: Contributes to the progression of renal fibrosis. Redox Biol., 62.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102674"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2017.1296575","article-title":"Indoxyl sulfate potentiates endothelial dysfunction via reciprocal role for reactive oxygen species and RhoA\/ROCK signaling in 5\/6 nephrectomized rats","volume":"51","author":"Chu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Agborbesong, E., and Li, X. (2021). The Role of Mitochondria in Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Therapeutic Potential. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222011253"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2014.14","article-title":"Mitochondria-targeted therapies for acute kidney injury","volume":"16","author":"Poveda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E277","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02854898","article-title":"Cell-permeable, mitochondrial-targeted, peptide antioxidants","volume":"8","author":"Szeto","year":"2006","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34682","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M402999200","article-title":"Cell-permeable peptide antioxidants targeted to inner mitochondrial membrane inhibit mitochondrial swelling, oxidative cell death, and reperfusion injury","volume":"279","author":"Zhao","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016070761","article-title":"Mitochondria Protection after Acute Ischemia Prevents Prolonged Upregulation of IL-1\u03b2 and IL-18 and Arrests CKD","volume":"28","author":"Szeto","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.03.037","article-title":"Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in renal fibrosis promoted by hypochlorite-modified albumin in a remnant kidney model and protective effects of antioxidant peptide SS-31","volume":"804","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1545","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00395.2007","article-title":"A novel cell-permeable antioxidant peptide decreases renal tubular apoptosis and damage in unilateral ureteral obstruction","volume":"295","author":"Mizuguchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2018.1457789","article-title":"Hypochlorite modified albumins promote cell death in the tubule interstitium in rats via mitochondrial damage in obstructive nephropathy and the protective effects of antioxidant peptides","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18238","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103681","article-title":"The mitochondrial-targeted peptide SBT-20 ameliorates inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic renal failure","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.04.034","article-title":"Enhanced efficiency of mitochondria-targeted peptide SS-31 for acute kidney injury by pH-responsive and AKI-kidney targeted nanopolyplexes","volume":"211","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_203","first-page":"4589","article-title":"Novel cell-penetrating peptide targeting mitochondria","volume":"29","author":"Cerrato","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J. Off. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2020.1773504","article-title":"Carnitine, apelin and resveratrol regulate mitochondrial quality control (QC) related proteins and ameliorate acute kidney injury: Role of hydrogen peroxide","volume":"128","author":"Sabry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.01.025","article-title":"Cobaltosic oxide-polyethylene glycol-triphenylphosphine nanoparticles ameliorate the acute-to-chronic kidney disease transition by inducing BNIP3-mediated mitophagy","volume":"103","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Dai, W., Xiao, L., Sun, L., and He, L. (2023). Biopolymer-Based Nanosystems: Potential Novel Carriers for Kidney Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15082150"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4740","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.33520","article-title":"Employing Macrophage-Derived Microvesicle for Kidney-Targeted Delivery of Dexamethasone: An Efficient Therapeutic Strategy against Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Provenzano, M., Serra, R., Garofalo, C., Michael, A., Crugliano, G., Battaglia, Y., Ielapi, N., Bracale, U.M., Faga, T., and Capitoli, G. (2021). OMICS in Chronic Kidney Disease: Focus on Prognosis and Prediction. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010336"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/2\/949\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:45:12Z","timestamp":1760103912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/2\/949"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"references-count":208,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25020949"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25020949","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]}}}