{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:39:07Z","timestamp":1790217547088,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EEA","award":["2014-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and disability. While there are many therapeutic alternatives available for the management of CVDs, the majority of classic therapeutic strategies were found to be ineffective at stopping or significantly\/additionally slowing the progression of these diseases, or they had unfavorable side effects. Numerous metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) have been created to overcome these limitations, demonstrating encouraging possibilities in the treatment of CVDs due to advancements in nanotechnology. Metallic nanomaterials, including gold, silver, and iron, come in various shapes, sizes, and geometries. Metallic NPs are generally smaller and have more specialized physical, chemical, and biological properties. Metal-based NPs may come in various forms, such as nanoshells, nanorods, and nanospheres, and they have been studied the most. Massive potential applications for these metal nanomaterial structures include supporting molecular imaging, serving as drug delivery systems, enhancing radiation-based anticancer therapy, supplying photothermal transforming effects for thermal therapy, and being compounds with bactericidal, fungicidal, and antiviral qualities that may be helpful for cardiovascular diseases. In this context, the present paper aims to review the applications of relevant metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in CVDs, creating an up-to-date framework that aids researchers in developing more efficient treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T04:03:26Z","timestamp":1705291406000},"page":"1001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Metal-Based Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Scafa Udri\u0219te","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Burdu\u0219el","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8968-504X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelina-Gabriela","family":"Niculescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest\u2014ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"R\u0103dulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3036-094X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Grumezescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest\u2014ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2023.09.020","article-title":"Global Trends in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"45","author":"Nedkoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2023.101622","article-title":"Global Cardiovascular Diseases Death Rate Prediction","volume":"48","author":"Gaidai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"100214","article-title":"Nanotechnology for cardiovascular diseases","volume":"3","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Innov. (Camb. (Mass.))"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Younis, N.K., Ghoubaira, J.A., Bassil, E.P., Tantawi, H.N., and Eid, A.H. (2021). Metal-based nanoparticles: Promising tools for the management of cardiovascular diseases. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med., 36.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2021.102433"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-023-00232-y","article-title":"Nanomedicines for cardiovascular disease","volume":"2","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alromi, D.A., Madani, S.Y., and Seifalian, A. (2021). Emerging Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13234146"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s40005-022-00607-6","article-title":"Nanomedicine-based commercial formulations: Current developments and future prospects","volume":"53","author":"Thapa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Investig."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"10716","article-title":"Nanomedicine for COVID-19: Potential of copper nanoparticles","volume":"11","author":"Jagaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2020.104623","article-title":"Nanoparticles: Synthesis, characteristics, and applications in analytical and other sciences","volume":"154","author":"Sajid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Omidian, H., Babanejad, N., and Cubeddu, L.X. (2023). Nanosystems in Cardiovascular Medicine: Advancements, Applications, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15071935"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u0103duraru, D.N., Ion, D., Niculescu, A.-G., Mu\u0219at, F., Andronic, O., Grumezescu, A.M., and Bolocan, A. (2022). Recent Developments in Metallic Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy, Diagnosing and Imaging Applications. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14020435"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4155729","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4155729","article-title":"Nanomaterials: A Promising Therapeutic Approach for Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"2022","author":"Chopra","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-014-1447-8","article-title":"Role of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the cardiovascular system","volume":"90","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01082-z","article-title":"Nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular aging and related diseases","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.partic.2022.03.002","article-title":"Metal-based nanoparticles for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and therapy","volume":"72","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Particuology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haba, M.\u0218., \u0218erban, D.N., \u0218erban, L., Tudorancea, I.M., Haba, R.M., Mitu, O., Iliescu, R., and Tudorancea, I. (2021). Nanomaterial-Based Drug Targeted Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases: Ischemic Heart Failure and Atherosclerosis. Crystals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst11101172"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037741","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1037741","article-title":"Latest advances in biomimetic nanomaterials for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease","volume":"9","author":"Gong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mercan, D.-A., Niculescu, A.-G., and Grumezescu, A.M. (2022). Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Agents Delivery\u2014An Up-to-Date Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232213862"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valenti, G.E., Alfei, S., Caviglia, D., Domenicotti, C., and Marengo, B. (2022). Antimicrobial Peptides and Cationic Nanoparticles: A Broad-Spectrum Weapon to Fight Multi-Drug Resistance Not Only in Bacteria. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116108"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tran, H.M., Tran, H., Booth, M.A., Fox, K.E., Nguyen, T.H., Tran, N., and Tran, P.A. (2020). Nanomaterials for treating bacterial biofilms on implantable medical devices. Nanomaterials, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10112253"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2011.11.007","article-title":"Gold and silver nanoparticles for clinical diagnostics\u2014From genomics to proteomics","volume":"75","author":"Larguinho","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"162","article-title":"Role of Metallic Nanoparticles in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"11","author":"Kavitha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Dis. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00642","article-title":"Conjugating Existing Clinical Drugs With Gold Nanoparticles for Better Treatment of Heart Diseases","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin, Y., Qiao, Y., Wang, D., Tang, C., and Yan, G. (2021). Ferritinophagy and ferroptosis in cardiovascular disease: Mechanisms and potential applications. Biomed. Pharmacother., 141.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111872"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niculescu, A.-G., and Grumezescu, A.M. (2022). Novel Tumor-Targeting Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment&mdash;A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23095253"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29126","article-title":"Nanoparticles and cancer therapy: Perspectives for application of nanoparticles in the treatment of cancers","volume":"235","author":"Dolati","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-021-03628-6","article-title":"Nanoparticles for cancer therapy: Current progress and challenges","volume":"16","author":"Gavas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.105068","article-title":"Overcoming barriers in cystic fibrosis therapy through inhalational lipid nanoparticles: Challenges and advances","volume":"89","author":"Anjum","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20210217","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20210217","article-title":"mRNA nanomedicine: Design and recent applications","volume":"2","author":"Kubiatowicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exploration"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang, T., Cao, X., Ibnat, M., and Chen, G. (2022). Stimuli-responsive nanoformulations for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. J. Nanobiotechnology, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01570-y"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117795","article-title":"Multifunctional role of nanoparticles for the diagnosis and therapeutics of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"242","author":"Arshad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2020.167428","article-title":"Cardiovascular applications of magnetic particles","volume":"518","author":"Cicha","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsadv.2021.100163","article-title":"Magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical applications: A review","volume":"6","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.33263\/BRIAC121.170179","article-title":"Influence of Fe2O3 dopant on dielectric, optical conductivity and nonlinear optical properties of doped ZnO-polystyrene composites films","volume":"12","author":"Gad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"3034","article-title":"Description, kinetic and equilibrium studies of the adsorption of carbon dioxide in mesoporous iron oxide nanospheres","volume":"12","author":"Shahat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-021-02031-y","article-title":"Magnetic nanoparticle behavior evaluation on cardiac tissue contractility through Langendorff rat heart technique as a nanotoxicology parameter","volume":"11","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Nanosci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12453","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-023-6158-0","article-title":"Iron oxide nanoparticles: A promising approach for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"16","author":"Bao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315404","article-title":"Targeted Molecular Imaging of Cardiovascular Diseases by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles","volume":"41","author":"Lam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6852","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b19036","article-title":"Dual-Targeted Synthetic Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Banik","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"120","article-title":"LIFU-responsive nanomedicine enables acoustic droplet vaporization-induced apoptosis of macrophages for stabilizing vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"16","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8579","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08579","article-title":"Cardioprotective activity of iron oxide nanoparticles","volume":"5","author":"Xiong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28457","article-title":"Comparison of Three Ultrasmall, Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for MRI at 3.0\u2009T","volume":"57","author":"Colbert","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"2108","article-title":"Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles by using Ficus carica leaf extract and its antioxidant activity","volume":"12","author":"Ayvaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.663351","article-title":"Fluorescence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial macrophage infiltration in infarcted myocardium in vivo","volume":"115","author":"Sosnovik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akhmedov, S., Afanasyev, S., Trusova, M., Postnikov, P., Rogovskaya, Y., Grakova, E., Kopeva, K., Carreon Paz, R.K., Balakin, S., and Wiesmann, H.P. (2021). Chemically Modified Biomimetic Carbon-Coated Iron Nanoparticles for Stent Coatings: In Vitro Cytocompatibility and In Vivo Structural Changes in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9070802"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.119","article-title":"Green synthesis of oxidized starch with a novel catalyst based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles and H2O2 reagent to form thermoplastic as a stable gel coating on the cardiovascular stents","volume":"219","author":"Hataminia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1007\/s40242-023-3055-8","article-title":"Ferrous Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Abnormal Cardiac Development in Zebrafish Through Hypoxia and Ferroptosis","volume":"39","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Chin. Univ."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaz0952","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz0952","article-title":"Nanovesicles derived from iron oxide nanoparticles\u2013incorporated mesenchymal stem cells for cardiac repair","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"4067","article-title":"In vivo biodistribution and clearance of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for medical applications","volume":"ume 18","author":"Machnicka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11030","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15722","article-title":"Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles promote ferroptosis of ischemic cardiomyocytes","volume":"24","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanco, E., Segura-Ibarra, V., Bawa, D., Nafiujjaman, M., Wu, S., Liu, H., Ferrari, M., Lumsden, A.B., Shah, D.J., and Lin, C.H. (2019). Functionalization of endovascular devices with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for interventional cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Biomed. Microdevices, 21.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-019-0393-x"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsampasian, V., Merinopoulos, I., Cameron, D., Garg, P., and Vassiliou, V.S. (2022). Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Particles of Iron Oxide and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance: Novel Imaging in Everyday Conditions. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12146913"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"1249","article-title":"Diagnostic Applications of Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Particles of Iron Oxide for Imaging Myocardial and Vascular Inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Merinopoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC: Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-022-00465-y","article-title":"Ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles cause significant toxicity by specifically inducing acute oxidative stress to multiple organs","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Lu, K., Xiao, L., Hu, X., Cai, W., Liu, L., Liu, Y., Li, W., Zhou, H., and Qian, Z. (2023). Exploring atherosclerosis imaging with contrast-enhanced MRI using PEGylated ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1279446"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3346","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac032","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging contrast-enhancement with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles amplifies macrophage foam cell apoptosis in human and murine atherosclerosis","volume":"118","author":"Segers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs366","article-title":"Imaging of myocardial infarction using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: A human study using a multi-parametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging approach","volume":"34","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C., Ge, J., Gao, Y., Chen, L., Cui, J., Zeng, J., and Gao, M. (2022). Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: A next generation contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. WIREs Nanomed. Nanobiotech., 14.","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1740"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Polonschii, C., Potara, M., Iancu, M., David, S., Banciu, R.M., Vasilescu, A., and Astilean, S. (2023). Progress in the Optical Sensing of Cardiac Biomarkers. Biosensors, 13.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202305.0924.v1"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754369","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.754369","article-title":"Multi-Scale Imaging of Vascular Pathologies in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"8","author":"Tiwari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.05.003","article-title":"Targeted trapping of endogenous endothelial progenitor cells for myocardial ischemic injury repair through neutrophil-mediated SPIO nanoparticle-conjugated CD34 antibody delivery and imaging","volume":"146","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varna, M., Xuan, H.V., and Fort, E. (2018). Gold nanoparticles in cardiovascular imaging. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol., 10.","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1470"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s11094-023-02847-8","article-title":"Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Functionalization and Biomedical Applications Especially in Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":"57","author":"Selim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharm. Chem. J."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, D., Wang, X., Burda, C., and Basilion, J.P. (2021). Recent Development of Gold Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents for Cancer Diagnosis. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13081825"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonciar, D., Mocan, T., and Agoston-Coldea, L. (2022). Nanoparticles Targeting the Molecular Pathways of Heart Remodeling and Regeneration. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14040711"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samsulkahar, N.F., Hadi, A.A., Shamsuddin, M., and Nik, N.A.N. (2023). Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Strobilanthes crispa Aqueous Leaves Extract and Evaluation of Its Antibacterial Activity. Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem, 13.","DOI":"10.33263\/BRIAC131.063"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4063","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666190925163827","article-title":"A Brief Review of Cardiovascular Diseases, Associated Risk Factors and Current Treatment Regimes","volume":"25","author":"Flora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NA00961J","article-title":"Gold nanomaterials for optical biosensing and bioimaging","volume":"3","author":"Si","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milan, J., Niemczyk, K., and Kus-Li\u015bkiewicz, M. (2022). Treasure on the Earth&mdash;Gold Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15093355"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1002\/nano.202100255","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in biomedical and clinical applications: A review","volume":"3","author":"Anik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Sel."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5792","DOI":"10.1021\/nl502673m","article-title":"Gold nanoparticle-decellularized matrix hybrids for cardiac tissue engineering","volume":"14","author":"Shevach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakir, E.M., Younis, N.S., Mohamed, M.E., and El Semary, N.A. (2018). Cyanobacteria as Nanogold Factories: Chemical and Anti-Myocardial Infarction Properties of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Lyngbya majuscula. Mar. Drugs, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/md16060217"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5837276","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5837276","article-title":"Gold Nanoparticles as X-Ray, CT, and Multimodal Imaging Contrast Agents: Formulation, Targeting, and Methodology","volume":"2018","author":"Mahan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2021.06.001","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles meet medical radionuclides","volume":"100\u2013101","author":"Daems","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2013.03.009","article-title":"CT imaging of myocardial scars with collagen-targeting gold nanoparticles","volume":"9","author":"Danila","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5331","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09317-3","article-title":"Multimodal bioimaging using nanodiamond and gold hybrid nanoparticles","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5210","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tb20584c","article-title":"Nanoengineering gold particle composite fibers for cardiac tissue engineering","volume":"1","author":"Shevach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.06.015","article-title":"Tunable, biodegradable gold nanoparticles as contrast agents for computed tomography and photoacoustic imaging","volume":"102","author":"Cheheltani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14912","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50332-8","article-title":"Effect of Gold Nanoparticle Size on Their Properties as Contrast Agents for Computed Tomography","volume":"9","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.02.009","article-title":"Labeling monocytes with gold nanoparticles to track their recruitment in atherosclerosis with computed tomography","volume":"87","author":"Chhour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.33263\/BRIAC121.10391052","article-title":"Antimicrobial Surface Functionality of PEG Coated and AgNPs Immobilized Extracorporeal Biomaterials","volume":"12","author":"Karademir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079630","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2079630","article-title":"Exacerbation of Thrombotic Responses to Silver Nanoparticles in Hypertensive Mouse Model","volume":"2022","author":"Ferdous","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15385","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.3c01442","article-title":"Using Machine Learning and Silver Nanoparticle-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Classification of Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers","volume":"6","author":"Dixon","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X.-F., Liu, Z.-G., Shen, W., and Gurunathan, S. (2016). Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, Applications, and Therapeutic Approaches. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17091534"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gherasim, O., Puiu, R.A., B\u00eerc\u0103, A.C., Burdu\u0219el, A.-C., and Grumezescu, A.M. (2020). An Updated Review on Silver Nanoparticles in Biomedicine. Nanomaterials, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10112318"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumawat, M., Madhyastha, H., Singh, M., Revaprasadu, N., Srinivas, S.P., and Daima, H.K. (2022). Double functionalized haemocompatible silver nanoparticles control cell inflammatory homeostasis. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276296"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2020-0094","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterisation and biomedical applications","volume":"15","author":"Almatroudi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nemmar, A., Al-Salam, S., Greish, Y.E., Beegam, S., Zaaba, N.E., and Ali, B.H. (2023). Impact of Intratracheal Administration of Polyethylene Glycol-Coated Silver Nanoparticles on the Heart of Normotensive and Hypertensive Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24108890"},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"1421","article-title":"Morphological analysis of Ag doped on TiO2\/Ti prepared via anodizing and thermal oxidation methods","volume":"12","author":"Wibowo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burdu\u0219el, A.-C., Gherasim, O., Grumezescu, A.M., Mogoant\u0103, L., Ficai, A., and Andronescu, E. (2018). Biomedical Applications of Silver Nanoparticles: An Up-to-Date Overview. Nanomaterials, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano8090681"},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"4329","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity and lung toxicity in male rats induced by long-term exposure to iron oxide and silver nanoparticles","volume":"18","author":"Yousef","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waiezi, S., Malek, N.A.N.N., Asraf, M.H., and Sani, N.S. (2023). Preparation, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Green-Biosynthesised Silver Nanoparticles using Clinacanthus nutans Extract. Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem., 13.","DOI":"10.33263\/BRIAC132.171"},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"1","article-title":"An investigation of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Turkish honey against pathogenic bacterial strains","volume":"13","author":"Matar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agudelo, W., Montoya, Y., Garcia-Garcia, A., and Bustamante, J. (2021, January 15\u201320). Functionalization of Electrospun Scaffolds with Gold or Silver Nanoparticles for Applications in Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. Proceedings of the 2021 Global Medical Engineering Physics Exchanges\/Pan American Health Care Exchanges (GMEPE\/PAHCE), Sevilla, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/GMEPE\/PAHCE50215.2021.9434846"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S406184","article-title":"Silver Nanoparticles Cause Neural and Vascular Disruption by Affecting Key Neuroactive Ligand-Receptor Interaction and VEGF Signaling Pathways","volume":"18","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1293\/tox.2017-0043","article-title":"Size-dependent acute toxicity of silver nanoparticles in mice","volume":"31","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_97","unstructured":"Khan, M. (2018). Silver Nanoparticles, IntechOpen."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867497","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.867497","article-title":"Protective effects of silver nanoparticles in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats","volume":"9","author":"Arozal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"012005","article-title":"Synthesis of silver nanoparticles and the development in analysis method","volume":"217","author":"Seedeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOP Publ."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.12.62","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles induce the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via telomere length extension","volume":"12","author":"Adibkia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Beilstein J. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.15446\/dyna.v85n206.72136","article-title":"Using a non-reducing sugar in the green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by the chemical reduction method","volume":"85","author":"Agudelo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dyna"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00339","article-title":"Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticle Exposure Improves Microvascular Dysfunction and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats","volume":"6","author":"Minarchick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barker, E., Shepherd, J., and Asencio, I.O. (2022). The Use of Cerium Compounds as Antimicrobials for Biomedical Applications. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092678"},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"794","article-title":"The effect of zirconium doping of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on pulmonary and cardiovascular toxicity and biodistribution in mice after inhalation","volume":"11","author":"Dekkers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25390-z","article-title":"Cerium oxide nanoparticles with antioxidant capabilities and gadolinium integration for MRI contrast enhancement","volume":"8","author":"Eriksson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDonagh, P.R., Gobalakrishnan, S., Rabender, C., Vijayaragavan, V., and Zweit, J. (2023). Molecular Imaging Investigations of Polymer-Coated Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as a Radioprotective Therapeutic Candidate. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15082144"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhall, A., and Self, W. (2018). Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: A Brief Review of Their Synthesis Methods and Biomedical Applications. Antioxidants, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox7080097"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"042003","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7639\/ac0594","article-title":"Ceria nanoparticle theranostics: Harnessing antioxidant properties in biomedicine and beyond","volume":"4","author":"Banavar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Mater."},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fabrication and characterization of polycaprolactone with retinoic acid and cerium oxide for anticancer applications","volume":"13","author":"Alahmmar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem"},{"key":"ref_110","unstructured":"Scir\u00e8, S., and Palmisano, L. (2020). Cerium Oxide (CeO2): Synthesis, Properties and Applications, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_111","unstructured":"Estevez, A.Y., and Erlichman, J.S. (2011). Oxidative Stress: Diagnostics, Prevention, and Therapy, ACS Publications."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Han, Z., Wang, T., Ma, C., Li, H., Lei, H., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Pei, Z., and Liu, Z. (2022). Cerium oxide nanoparticles with antioxidative neurorestoration for ischemic stroke. Biomaterials, 291.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121904"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jre.2023.04.009","article-title":"A review on biomedical and dental applications of cerium oxide nanoparticles\u2015Unearthing the potential of this rare earth metal","volume":"41","author":"Chandrashekar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Rare Earths"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-013-9678-8","article-title":"Cerium oxide nanoparticles protect endothelial cells from apoptosis induced by oxidative stress","volume":"154","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27194","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA04736H","article-title":"Cerium oxide nanoparticles: Properties, biosynthesis and biomedical application","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3767","DOI":"10.1021\/nn2048069","article-title":"Cerium oxide nanoparticles protect cardiac progenitor cells from oxidative stress","volume":"6","author":"Pagliari","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.11.031","article-title":"Cardioprotective effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles in a transgenic murine model of cardiomyopathy","volume":"73","author":"Niu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"009","article-title":"Therapeutic applications of nanozymes and their role in cardiovascular disease","volume":"7","author":"Nashat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomater. Nanotechnol. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111416","article-title":"Nanostructured polymer scaffold decorated with cerium oxide nanoparticles toward engineering an antioxidant and anti-hypertrophic cardiac patch","volume":"118","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pagliari, F., Nardone, G., Traversa, E., and Nardo, P. (2022). Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles Protect Cardiac Progenitor Cells against the Oxidative Stress, River Publishers.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003338574-2"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.012","article-title":"Cerium dioxide nanoparticles modulate antioxidant defences and change vascular response in the human saphenous vein","volume":"193","author":"Marchio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nemmar, A., Al-Salam, S., Beegam, S., Yuvaraju, P., and Ali, B.H. (2019). Aortic Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and DNA Damage Following Pulmonary Exposure to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in a Rat Model of Vascular Injury. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9080376"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10187","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c03457","article-title":"Dextran-Coated Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: A Computed Tomography Contrast Agent for Imaging the Gastrointestinal Tract and Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"14","author":"Naha","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6586","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TB01147B","article-title":"Biocompatible dextran-coated gadolinium-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents with high T1 relaxivity and selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells","volume":"9","author":"Popov","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2013.02.008","article-title":"Cerium oxide nanoparticles: Influence of the high-Z component revealed on radioresistant 9L cell survival under X-ray irradiation","volume":"9","author":"Briggs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2018.04.002","article-title":"Biodistribution and PET imaging of 89-zirconium labeled cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized with several surface coatings","volume":"14","author":"McDonagh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4514","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31498-8","article-title":"Antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential of phytogenic cerium oxide nanoparticles","volume":"13","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149584","article-title":"Nanomaterials-induced toxicity on cardiac myocytes and tissues, and emerging toxicity assessment techniques","volume":"800","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2017.10.003","article-title":"Recurrent exposure to ferric oxide nanoparticles alters myocardial oxidative stress, apoptosis and necrotic markers in male mice","volume":"278","author":"Manickam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. -Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6103","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S209820","article-title":"Co-loading antioxidant N-acetylcysteine attenuates cytotoxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles in hypoxia\/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes","volume":"14","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4121","article-title":"Research progress on toxicity, function, and mechanism of metal oxide nanoparticles on vascular endothelial cells","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol. JAT"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10960","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27934-9","article-title":"Size dependent effects of Gold Nanoparticles in ISO-induced Hyperthyroid Rats","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.12.037","article-title":"Particle size-dependent organ distribution of gold nanoparticles after intravenous administration","volume":"29","author":"Hagens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-10-205","article-title":"Exposure to gold nanoparticles produces cardiac tissue damage that depends on the size and duration of exposure","volume":"10","author":"Abdelhalim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200900466","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles of diameter 1.4 nm trigger necrosis by oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage","volume":"5","author":"Pan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201201173","article-title":"High-sensitivity real-time analysis of nanoparticle toxicity in green fluorescent protein-expressing zebrafish","volume":"9","author":"Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10539","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-37178-x","article-title":"Effect of sub-dermal exposure of silver nanoparticles on hepatic, renal and cardiac functions accompanying oxidative damage in male Wistar rats","volume":"13","author":"Olugbodi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_138","first-page":"827","article-title":"The acute toxic effects of silver nanoparticles on myocardial transmembrane potential, I(Na) and I(K1) channels and heart rhythm in mice","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S355131","article-title":"Nano Silver-Induced Toxicity and Associated Mechanisms","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2017.11.013","article-title":"Evaluation of cardiovascular responses to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"14","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.09.017","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity of nano-particles","volume":"165","author":"Bostan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-013-1702-6","article-title":"Toxicity, distribution, and accumulation of silver nanoparticles in Wistar rats","volume":"15","author":"Ruiz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nanoparticle Res."},{"key":"ref_143","unstructured":"Rzigalinski, B.A., Hockey, K., Klein, L.M., Sholar, C.A., Himler, J., Billings, M.J., and Cook, J. (2019). Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for the Treatment and Prevention of Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease. (9,649,337, 2017), U.S. Patent, Application granted."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/2\/1001\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:46:08Z","timestamp":1760103968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/2\/1001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]]},"references-count":143,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25021001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25021001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]]}}}