{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:42:55Z","timestamp":1791916975808,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LY22H160007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY22H160007"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023JKZDZC06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JKZDZC06"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2012E10002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012E10002"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82274621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274621"]}]},{"name":"Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","award":["LY22H160007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY22H160007"]}]},{"name":"Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","award":["2023JKZDZC06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JKZDZC06"]}]},{"name":"Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","award":["2012E10002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012E10002"]}]},{"name":"Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","award":["82274621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274621"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory Project","award":["LY22H160007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY22H160007"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory Project","award":["2023JKZDZC06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JKZDZC06"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory Project","award":["2012E10002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012E10002"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory Project","award":["82274621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274621"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LY22H160007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY22H160007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023JKZDZC06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JKZDZC06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012E10002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012E10002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82274621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274621"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The thymus is one of the most crucial immunological organs, undergoing visible age-related shrinkage. Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) play a vital role in maintaining the normal function of the thymus, and their degeneration is the primary cause of age-induced thymic devolution. Thymosin \u03b24 (T\u03b24) serves as a significant important G-actin sequestering peptide. The objective of this study was to explore whether T\u03b24 influences thymocyte differentiation by regulating the cytoskeletal rearrangement and mitochondrial transfer of TECs. A combination of H&amp;E staining, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, cytoskeletal immunolabeling, and mitochondrial immunolabeling were employed to observe the effects of T\u03b24 on TECs\u2019 skeleton rearrangement, mitochondrial transfer, and thymocyte differentiation. The study revealed that the T\u03b24 primarily regulates the formation of microfilaments and the mitochondrial transfer of TECs, along with the formation and maturation of double-negative cells (CD4\u2212CD8\u2212) and CD4 single-positive cells (CD3+TCR\u03b2+CD4+CD8\u2212) thymocytes. This study suggests that T\u03b24 plays a crucial role in thymocyte differentiation by influencing the cytoskeletal rearrangement and mitochondrial transfer of TECs. These effects may be associated with T\u03b24\u2019s impact on the aggregation of F-actin. This finding opens up new avenues for research in the field of immune aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T04:03:30Z","timestamp":1705377810000},"page":"1088","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Thymosin \u03b24 Regulates the Differentiation of Thymocytes by Controlling the Cytoskeletal Rearrangement and Mitochondrial Transfer of Thymus Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yuyuan","family":"Ying","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xunuo","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiru","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5977-0021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianli","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5701","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3523","article-title":"Pharmacological potentials of lycopene against aging and aging-related disorders: A review","volume":"11","author":"Abir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. 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