{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:56:29Z","timestamp":1792799789701,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP 62764"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP 62764"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since its initial discovery in 1994, the adipokine leptin has received extensive interest as an important satiety factor and regulator of energy expenditure. Although produced primarily by white adipocytes, leptin can be synthesized by numerous tissues including those comprising the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular function can thus be affected by locally produced leptin via an autocrine or paracrine manner but also by circulating leptin. Leptin exerts its effects by binding to and activating specific receptors, termed ObRs or LepRs, belonging to the Class I cytokine family of receptors of which six isoforms have been identified. Although all ObRs have identical intracellular domains, they differ substantially in length in terms of their extracellular domains, which determine their ability to activate cell signalling pathways. The most important of these receptors in terms of biological effects of leptin is the so-called long form (ObRb), which possesses the complete intracellular domain linked to full cell signalling processes. The heart has been shown to express ObRb as well as to produce leptin. Leptin exerts numerous cardiac effects including the development of hypertrophy likely through a number of cell signaling processes as well as mitochondrial dynamics, thus demonstrating substantial complex underlying mechanisms. Here, we discuss mechanisms that potentially mediate leptin-induced cardiac pathological hypertrophy, which may contribute to the development of heart failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T07:41:28Z","timestamp":1705477288000},"page":"1137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Cardiac Hypertrophic and Pro-Remodelling Effects of Leptin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Morris","family":"Karmazyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong Tracey","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/372425a0","article-title":"Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue","volume":"372","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0095-y","article-title":"Leptin and the endocrine control of energy balance","volume":"1","author":"Friedman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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