{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T23:07:43Z","timestamp":1774998463302,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1A2C1006170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A2C1006170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Media exposed to atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitrite (NO2\u2212), and nitrate (NO3\u2212) being among the most detected species due to their relatively long lifetime. In this study, a standardized microwave-excited (ME) APP jet (APPJ) source was employed to produce gaseous RONS to treat liquid samples. The source was a commercially available plasma jet, which generated argon plasma utilizing a coaxial transmission line resonator at the operating frequency of 2.45 GHz. An ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was used to measure the concentrations of H2O2 and NO3\u2212 in plasma-activated media (PAM). Three different types of media (deionized water, Hank\u2019s balanced salt solution, and cell culture solution Dulbecco\u2019s modified eagles medium [DMEM]) were utilized as liquid samples. Among these media, the plasma-treated DMEM was observed to have the highest levels of H2O2 and NO3\u2212. Subsequently, the feasibility of using argon ME-APPJ-activated DMEM (PAM) as an adjuvant to enhance the therapeutic effects of cisplatin on human bladder cancer cells (T-24) was investigated. Various cancer cell lines, including T-24 cells, treated with PAM were observed in vitro for changes in cell viability using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. A viability reduction was detected in the various cancer cells after incubation in PAM. Furthermore, the study\u2019s results revealed that PAM was effective against cisplatin-resistant T-24 cells in vitro. In addition, a possible connection between HER expression and cell viability was sketched.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T08:58:13Z","timestamp":1705654693000},"page":"1249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Plasma-Activated Media Produced by a Microwave-Excited Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Is Effective against Cisplatin-Resistant Human Bladder Cancer Cells In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ara","family":"Jo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hea-Min","family":"Joh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3399-434X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Hee","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2752-5144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun-Ja","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1880-6566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Woong","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae-Hun","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.200700154","article-title":"Applied plasma medicine","volume":"5","author":"Fridman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plasma Process. 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