{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T17:49:22Z","timestamp":1784828962269,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF-2019M3A9I3080265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019M3A9I3080265"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF-2019M3A9I3080266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019M3A9I3080266"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C1003088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C1003088"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nymphoides peltata has been used as a medicinal herb in traditional medicines to treat strangury, polyuria, and swelling. The phytochemical investigation of the MeOH extract of N. peltata roots led to the isolation of three iridoid glycosides and three coumarin glycoside derivatives, which were characterized as menthiafolin (1), threoninosecologanin (2), callicoside C (3), and scopolin (4), as well as two undescribed peltatamarins A (5) and B (6). The chemical structures of the undescribed compounds were determined by analyzing their 1 dimensional (D) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and using high-resolution (HR)-electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS), along with the chemical reaction of acid hydrolysis. The wound healing activities of the isolated compounds 1\u20136 were evaluated using a HaCaT cell scratch test. Among the isolates, scopolin (4) and peltatamarin A (5) promoted HaCaT cell migration over scratch wounds, and compound 5 was the most effective. Furthermore, compound 5 significantly promoted cell migration without adversely affecting cell proliferation, even when treated at a high dose (100 \u03bcM). Our results demonstrate that peltatamarin A (5), isolated from N. peltata roots, has the potential for wound healing effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T03:50:22Z","timestamp":1705895422000},"page":"1268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Iridoid Glycosides and Coumarin Glycoside Derivatives from the Roots of Nymphoides peltata and Their In Vitro Wound Healing Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Tae-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bum Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0554-9154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beom-Geun","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Pil","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0299-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Suk","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Nam","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5285-9138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Hye","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.104516","article-title":"Delivery of Antibacterial Agents for Wound Healing Applications Using Polysaccharide-Based Scaffolds","volume":"84","author":"Nosrati","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791899","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.791899","article-title":"Challenges in Healing Wound: Role of Complementary and Alternative Medicine","volume":"8","author":"Monika","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim, N., Wong, S., Mohamed, I., Mohamed, N., Chin, K.-Y., Ima-Nirwana, S., and Shuid, A. (2018). Wound Healing Properties of Selected Natural Products. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112360"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"473","article-title":"The Physiology of Wound Healing","volume":"35","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg. Oxf."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.02.043","article-title":"The Acceleration of Wound Healing in Primates by the Local Administration of Immunostimulatory CpG Oligonucleotides","volume":"32","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2006.02.035","article-title":"Wound Healing: Immunological Aspects","volume":"37","author":"Tsirogianni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpen.2011.04.001","article-title":"The Physiology of Wound Healing: Injury Through Maturation","volume":"6","author":"Teller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Perioper. Nurs. Clin."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399411001943","article-title":"Inflammation and Wound Healing: The Role of the Macrophage","volume":"13","author":"Koh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2021.0059","article-title":"The Role of T Lymphocytes in Cutaneous Scarring","volume":"11","author":"Short","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-019-08729-w","article-title":"A Review of the Contribution of Mast Cells in Wound Healing: Involved Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms","volume":"58","author":"Komi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5023","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S174072","article-title":"Natural Product-Based Nanomedicines for Wound Healing Purposes: Therapeutic Targets and Drug Delivery Systems","volume":"13","author":"Hajialyani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryall, C., Duarah, S., Chen, S., Yu, H., and Wen, J. (2022). Advancements in Skin Delivery of Natural Bioactive Products for Wound Management: A Brief Review of Two Decades. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14051072"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.121617","article-title":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems Containing Herbal Components for Wound Healing","volume":"617","author":"Gorain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1537-2197.1992.tb13750.x","article-title":"Seed Morphology and Systematics of Menyanthaceae","volume":"79","author":"Chuang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquabot.2019.05.001","article-title":"Comparative Analyses of the Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Nymphoides and Menyanthes Species (Menyanthaceae)","volume":"156","author":"Njuguna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquat. Bot."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2005.00921.x","article-title":"Isolation and Characterization of Highly Polymorphic Microsatellites in the Aquatic Plant, Nymphoides peltata (Menyanthaceae)","volume":"5","author":"Uesugi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Notes"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2023, September 10). National List of Species of Korea. Available online: http:\/\/kbr.go.kr\/."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, Z., Chowdhury, N., Sharmin, S., and Sohrab, M.H. (2018). Medicinal Values of Aquatic Plant Genus Nymphoides Grown in Asia: A Review. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., 8.","DOI":"10.4103\/2221-1691.225615"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nocchi, N., Duarte, H.M., Pereira, R.C., Konno, T.U.P., and Soares, A.R. (2020). Effects of UV-B Radiation on Secondary Metabolite Production, Antioxidant Activity, Photosynthesis and Herbivory Interactions in Nymphoides Humboldtiana (Menyanthaceae). J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 212.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2020.112021"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5663","article-title":"Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations on Nymphoides indica Leaf Extracts","volume":"30","author":"Amin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200701215273","article-title":"Anticonvulsant and Sedative Activity of Tagara (Nymphoides macrospermum.)","volume":"45","author":"Murali","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1934578X1501000","article-title":"Antitumor Constituents of the Wetland Plant Nymphoides peltata: A Case Study for the Potential Utilization of Constructed Wetland Plant Resources","volume":"10","author":"Du","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, T.-Y., Park, N.-J., Jegal, H., Paik, J.-H., Choi, S., Kim, S.-N., and Yang, M.H. (2023). Nymphoides peltata Root Extracts Improve Atopic Dermatitis by Regulating Skin Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Enzymes in 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-Induced SKH-1 Hairless Mice. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12040873"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2014.11.035","article-title":"Two Homosecoiridoids from the Flower Buds of Lonicera japonica","volume":"26","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2017.1323884","article-title":"Two New Iridoid Glycosides from the Leaves of Callicarpa nudiflora","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2008.09.023","article-title":"Biosynthesis of Scopoletin and Scopolin in Cassava Roots during Post-Harvest Physiological Deterioration: The E-Z-Isomerisation Stage","volume":"69","author":"Bayoumi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Chitama, B.-Y.A., Suganuma, K., Yamano, Y., Sugimoto, S., Kawakami, S., Kaneko, O., Otsuka, H., and Matsunami, K. (2023). Two New Cytotoxic Sesquiterpene-Amino Acid Conjugates and a Coumarin-Glucoside from Crossostephium chinense. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28124696"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Gao, M., Chen, H., Han, R., Chen, H., Du, K., Zhang, Y., Li, M., Si, Y., and Feng, W. (2019). Six New Coumarin Glycosides from the Aerial Parts of Gendarussa vulgaris. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24081456"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piipponen, M., Li, D., and Land\u00e9n, N.X. (2020). The Immune Functions of Keratinocytes in Skin Wound Healing. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228790"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.09.007","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Acute Wound Healing","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.11.020","article-title":"Research Techniques Made Simple: Analysis of Collective Cell Migration Using the Wound Healing Assay","volume":"137","author":"Grada","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23855.x","article-title":"Production of Lysophosphatidic Acid in Blister Fluid: Involvement of a Lysophospholipase D Activity","volume":"125","author":"Gres","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-012-0610-0","article-title":"Inhibitory Activity of Coumarins from Artemisia Capillaris against Advanced Glycation Endproduct Formation","volume":"35","author":"Jung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmacal. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Das, J., and Khatun, B. (2022). Modern Research in Chemical Studies, Scripown Publications."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701073","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201701073","article-title":"Pharmacological and Nutritional Effects of Natural Coumarins and Their Structure\u2013Activity Relationships","volume":"62","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"698","article-title":"A new esculetin glycoside from Calendula officinalis (Asteraceae) and its bioactivity","volume":"65","author":"Olennikov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Farmacia"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2013.0473","article-title":"Epithelialization in Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"3","author":"Pastar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2008.00410.x","article-title":"Growth Factors and Cytokines in Wound Healing","volume":"16","author":"Barrientos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/2\/1268\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:46:15Z","timestamp":1760103975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/2\/1268"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25021268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25021268","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]}}}