{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T07:16:55Z","timestamp":1789024615371,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["RE 753\/11-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RE 753\/11-1"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["WU 148\/11-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WU 148\/11-1"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation, Science and Research of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany","award":["RE 753\/11-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RE 753\/11-1"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation, Science and Research of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany","award":["WU 148\/11-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WU 148\/11-1"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Health (Berlin, Germany) and the Ministry of Culture and Science of the state North Rhine-Westphalia (D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany)","award":["RE 753\/11-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RE 753\/11-1"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Health (Berlin, Germany) and the Ministry of Culture and Science of the state North Rhine-Westphalia (D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany)","award":["WU 148\/11-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WU 148\/11-1"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)","award":["RE 753\/11-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RE 753\/11-1"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)","award":["WU 148\/11-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WU 148\/11-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High dietary phosphorus intake (P-In) and high acid loads may adversely affect kidney function. In animal models, excessive phosphorus intake causes renal injury, which, in humans, is also inducible by chronic metabolic acidosis. We thus examined whether habitually high P-In and endogenous acid production during childhood and adolescence may be early indicators of incipient renal inflammatory processes later in adulthood. P-In and acid\u2013base status were longitudinally and exclusively determined by biomarker-based assessment in 277 healthy children, utilizing phosphate and net acid excretion (NAE) measurements in 24 h urine samples repeatedly collected between the ages of 3 and 17 years. Standard deviation scores (by sex and age) were calculated for anthropometric data and for the urinary biomarkers available within age range 3\u201317 years. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the relations of phosphate excretion and NAE with the adulthood outcome circulating interleukin-18 (IL-18), a marker of inflammation and kidney dysfunction. After adjusting for growth- and adulthood-related covariates and pro-inflammatory biomarkers to rule out confounding by non-renal inflammatory processes, regression models revealed a significant positive relationship of long-term NAE (p = 0.01), but not of long-term phosphate excretion with adult serum IL-18. Similar significant positive regression results were obtained after replacing NAE with 24 h urinary ammonium excretion as the exposition variable. Our results suggest that even moderate elevations in renal ammonia production, as caused by habitually higher acid loading during growth, may affect the intrarenal pro-inflammatory system in the long-term, known to be boosted by acidosis-induced raised ammoniagenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T04:35:40Z","timestamp":1706070940000},"page":"1408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Higher Renal Net Acid Excretion, but Not Higher Phosphate Excretion, during Childhood and Adolescence Associates with the Circulating Renal Tubular Injury Marker Interleukin-18 in Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Seyedeh-Masomeh","family":"Derakhshandeh-Rishehri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DONALD Study Center, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 44225 Dortmund, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana Peixoto","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DONALD Study Center, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 44225 Dortmund, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DONALD Study Center, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 44225 Dortmund, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Herder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 M\u00fcnchen-Neuherberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0911-2511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hermann","family":"Kalhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Child Nutrition, St. Josef-Hospital, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Pediatric Clinic Dortmund, 44137 Dortmund, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynda A.","family":"Frassetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan A.","family":"Wudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Remer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DONALD Study Center, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 44225 Dortmund, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639103","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.639103","article-title":"Interleukin-18 in Inflammatory Kidney Disease","volume":"8","author":"Hirooka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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