{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:04:43Z","timestamp":1791864283171,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) are a promising tool that may help in early diagnosis. However, their levels may be influenced by physiological parameters and comorbidities that should be considered before they can be used at the population level. For this purpose, we assessed the influences of different comorbidities on AD plasma markers in 208 cognitively unimpaired subjects. We analyzed both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of A\u03b240, A\u03b242, and p-tau181 using the fully automated Lumipulse platform. The relationships between the different plasma markers and physiological variables were studied using linear regression models. The mean differences in plasma markers according to comorbidity groups were also studied. The glomerular filtration rate showed an influence on plasma A\u03b240 and A\u03b242 levels but not on the A\u03b242\/A\u03b240 ratio. The amyloid ratio was significantly lower in diabetic and hypertensive subjects, and the mean p-tau181 levels were higher in hypertensive subjects. The glomerular filtration rate may have an inverse relationship on plasma A\u03b240 and A\u03b242 levels but not on the amyloid ratio, suggesting that the latter is a more stable marker to use in the general population. Cardiovascular risk factors might have a long-term effect on the amyloid ratio and plasma levels of p-tau181.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T06:54:12Z","timestamp":1706165652000},"page":"1481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Influence of Physiological Variables and Comorbidities on Plasma A\u03b240, A\u03b242, and p-tau181 Levels in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1482-7813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Dubarbie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Research Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Guerra-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis Department, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Research Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2315-8671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Irure-Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Immunology Department, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1703-121X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Lage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Research Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health, Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6732-2691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Matarrubia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Research Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Pozueta-Cantudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Research Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Research Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Corrales-Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Research Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Health Sciences Department, Universidad Europea del Atl\u00e1ntico, 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Research Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Mart\u00edn-Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Infante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Research Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28220 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Medicine and Psychiatry Department, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0562-427X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"L\u00f3pez-Hoyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Immunology Department, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Molecular Biology Department, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Garc\u00eda-Unzueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis Department, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascual","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Juan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28220 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7742-677X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloy","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Research Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28220 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Medicine and Psychiatry Department, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association (2023). 2023 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. 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