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The midbrain, pons, and medulla regions contain several serotonergic nuclei with distinct physiological roles, including regulating the hypercapnic ventilatory response, upper airway patency, and sleep\u2013wake states. Obesity is a major risk factor in the development of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), recurrent closure of the upper airway during sleep, and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), a condition characterized by daytime hypercapnia and hypoventilation during sleep. Approximately 936 million adults have OSA, and 32 million have OHS worldwide. 5-HT acts on 5-HT receptor subtypes that modulate neural control of breathing and upper airway patency. This article reviews the role of 5-HT in SDB and the current advances in 5-HT-targeted treatments for SDB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T06:54:12Z","timestamp":1706165652000},"page":"1483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Revisiting the Role of Serotonin in Sleep-Disordered Breathing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5257-5696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O","family":"Aung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA"},{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateus R.","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7107-1832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Mendelowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vsevolod Y.","family":"Polotsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Punjabi, N.M., Caffo, B.S., Goodwin, J.L., Gottlieb, D.J., Newman, A.B., O\u2019Connor, G.T., Rapoport, D.M., Redline, S., Resnick, H.E., and Robbins, J.A. 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