{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T18:11:32Z","timestamp":1774635092066,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Polish National Science Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/23\/N\/NZ5\/02564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/23\/N\/NZ5\/02564"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cryptoglandular perianal fistula is a common benign anorectal disorder that is managed mainly with surgery and in some cases may be an extremely challenging condition. Perianal fistulas are often characterized by significantly decreased patient quality of life. Lack of fully recognized pathogenesis of this disease makes it difficult to treat it properly. Recently, adipose tissue hormones have been proposed to play a role in the genesis of cryptoglandular anal fistulas. The expression of adipose tissue hormones and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors were characterized based on 30 samples from simple fistulas and 30 samples from complex cryptoglandular perianal fistulas harvested during surgery. Tissue levels of leptin, resistin, MMP2, and MMP9 were significantly elevated in patients who underwent operations due to complex cryptoglandular perianal fistulas compared to patients with simple fistulas. Adiponectin and E-cadherin were significantly lowered in samples from complex perianal fistulas in comparison to simple fistulas. A negative correlation between leptin and E-cadherin levels was observed. Resistin and MMP2 levels, as well as adiponectin and E-cadherin levels, were positively correlated. Complex perianal cryptoglandular fistulas have a reduced level of the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin and have an increase in the levels of proinflammatory resistin and leptin. Abnormal secretion of these adipokines may affect the integrity of the EMT in the fistula tract. E-cadherin, MMP2, and MMP9 expression levels were shifted in patients with more advanced and complex perianal fistulas. Our results supporting the idea of using mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of cryptoglandular perianal fistulas seem reasonable, but further studies are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T10:32:38Z","timestamp":1706178758000},"page":"1501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Role of Adipose Tissue Hormones in Pathogenesis of Cryptoglandular Anal Fistula"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9118-4623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"W\u0142odarczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"W\u0142odarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6\/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kasper","family":"Mary\u0144czak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Wa\u015bniewska-W\u0142odarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Lodz, \u017beligowskiego 7\/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2700-8155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urszula","family":"Doboszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5389-0241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Wla\u017a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Dziki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8443-4417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Fichna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6\/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0300060520986669","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520986669","article-title":"Current Concepts in the Pathogenesis of Cryptoglandular Perianal Fistula","volume":"49","author":"Dziki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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