{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T17:19:04Z","timestamp":1780334344917,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","award":["GNT1174971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1174971"]}]},{"name":"Mater Research and the Mater Foundation","award":["GNT1174971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1174971"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Investigator Grant","award":["GNT1174971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1174971"]}]},{"name":"Flinders University","award":["GNT1174971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1174971"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A birthweight centile (BWC) below the 25th is associated with an elevated risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, particularly among males. This male vulnerability may stem from alterations in placenta-specific androgen signalling, a signalling axis that involves the androgen receptor (AR)-mediated regulation of target genes containing androgen response elements (AREs). In this study, we examined global and ARE-specific transcriptomic signatures in term male placentae (\u226537 weeks of gestation) across BWC subcategories (&lt;10th, 10th\u201330th, &gt;30th) using RNA-seq and gene set enrichment analysis. ARE-containing transcripts in placentae with BWCs below the 10th percentile were upregulated compared to those in the 10th\u201330th and &gt;30th percentiles, which coincided with the enrichment of gene sets related to hypoxia and the suppression of gene sets associated with mitochondrial function. In the absence of ARE-containing transcripts in silico, &lt;10th and 10th\u201330th BWC subcategory placentae upregulated gene sets involved in vasculature development, immune function, and cell adhesion when compared to those in the &gt;30th BWC subcategory. Collectively, our in silico findings suggest that changes in the expression of ARE-containing transcripts in male placentae may contribute to impaired placental vasculature and therefore result in reduced fetal growth outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T05:14:32Z","timestamp":1706591672000},"page":"1688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Placenta-Specific Transcripts Containing Androgen Response Elements Are Altered In Silico by Male Growth Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2806-6274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley S.","family":"Meakin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"Mater Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7016-8245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8602-8519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janna L.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9250-2192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire T.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Lappas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, Mercy Hospital for Women, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3769-1960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stacey J.","family":"Ellery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5798-5264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9829-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia"},{"name":"School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon A.","family":"McCracken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women and Babies Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicki","family":"Flenady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4892-6748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicki L.","family":"Clifton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4137\/CMPed.S40070","article-title":"Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Antenatal and Postnatal Aspects","volume":"10","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Insights Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00040","article-title":"Placental Nutrient Transport and Intrauterine Growth Restriction","volume":"7","author":"Gaccioli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-011-0092-x","article-title":"Placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction","volume":"61","author":"Krishna","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Ind."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burton, G.J., and Fowden, A.L. (2015). The placenta: A multifaceted, transient organ. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., 370.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0066"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00012","article-title":"Placental Responses to Changes in the Maternal Environment Determine Fetal Growth","volume":"7","author":"Dimasuay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2017-0176","article-title":"Birth-weight centiles and the risk of serious adverse neonatal outcomes at term","volume":"46","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2009.11.010","article-title":"Review: Sex and the human placenta: Mediating differential strategies of fetal growth and survival","volume":"31","author":"Clifton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.03.012","article-title":"Human placental androgen receptor variants: Potential regulators of male fetal growth","volume":"80","author":"Meakin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.01.003","article-title":"Identification of placental androgen receptor isoforms in a sheep model of maternal allergic asthma","volume":"104","author":"Meakin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32611","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32611","article-title":"Refinement of the androgen response element based on ChIP-Seq in androgen-insensitive and androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell lines","volume":"6","author":"Wilson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2022.02.010","article-title":"An ex vivo approach to understanding sex-specific differences in placental androgen signalling in the presence and absence of inflammation","volume":"120","author":"Meakin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-14-0055","article-title":"Developmental programing: Impact of testosterone on placental differentiation","volume":"148","author":"Beckett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00152","article-title":"Sex Steroids Modulate Uterine-Placental Vasculature: Implications for Obstetrics and Neonatal Outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Maliqueo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1373","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00421.2012","article-title":"Maternal androgen excess reduces placental and fetal weights, increases placental steroidogenesis, and leads to long-term health effects in their female offspring","volume":"303","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.02.005","article-title":"Elevated maternal androgen is associated with dysfunctional placenta and lipid disorder in newborns of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"113","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02200","article-title":"Maternal testosterone levels during pregnancy are associated with offspring size at birth","volume":"155","author":"Carlsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2014.173","article-title":"Hexokinase II integrates energy metabolism and cellular protection: Akting on mitochondria and TORCing to autophagy","volume":"22","author":"Roberts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-019-0502-8","article-title":"FOXE1 represses cell proliferation and Warburg effect by inhibiting HK2 in colorectal cancer","volume":"18","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3743","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-013-1496-2","article-title":"Hexokinase 2 overexpression promotes the proliferation and survival of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.37481","article-title":"Xanthohumol inhibits colorectal cancer cells via downregulation of Hexokinases II-mediated glycolysis","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20101104","article-title":"Androgen stimulates glycolysis for de novo lipid synthesis by increasing the activities of hexokinase 2 and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase\/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 2 in prostate cancer cells","volume":"433","author":"Moon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L407","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.2000.278.2.L407","article-title":"Hypoxia induces hexokinase II gene expression in human lung cell line A549","volume":"278","author":"Riddle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02683-x","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 is a critical transcription factor for IL-10-producing B cells in autoimmune disease","volume":"9","author":"Meng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06946","article-title":"Elevated testosterone reduces uterine blood flow, spiral artery elongation and placental oxygenation in pregnant rats","volume":"67","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sathishkumar, K., Elkins, R., Chinnathambi, V., Gao, H., Hankins, G.D., and Yallampalli, C. (2011). Prenatal testosterone-induced fetal growth restriction is associated with down-regulation of rat placental amino acid transport. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-9-110"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(94)90118-X","article-title":"Decreased postnatal testosterone and corticosterone concentrations in rats following acute intermittent prenatal hypoxia without alterations in adult male sex behavior","volume":"16","author":"Hermans","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6832","article-title":"Nocturnal Hypoxemia is Associated With Low Testosterone Levels in Overweight Males and Older Men With Normal Weight","volume":"13","author":"Viana","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.114.097477","article-title":"Dual targeting of the androgen receptor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1\u03b1 pathways synergistically inhibits castration-resistant prostate cancer cells","volume":"87","author":"Fernandez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33594","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.388298","article-title":"Coordinated Action of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1\u03b1 and \u03b2-Catenin in Androgen Receptor Signaling","volume":"287","author":"Mitani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.10.009","article-title":"Hypoxia enhances transcriptional activity of androgen receptor through hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 in a low androgen environment","volume":"123","author":"Mitani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5121","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-1341","article-title":"Hypoxia Increases Androgen Receptor Activity in Prostate Cancer Cells","volume":"66","author":"Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sebastian, K., Detro-Dassen, S., Rinis, N., Fahrenkamp, D., M\u00fcller-Newen, G., Merk, H.F., Schmalzing, G., Zwadlo-Klarwasser, G., and Baron, J.M. (2013). Characterization of SLCO5A1\/OATP5A1, a solute carrier transport protein with non-classical function. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083257"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-019-0141-6","article-title":"Association of prostate cancer SLCO gene expression with Gleason grade and alterations following androgen deprivation therapy","volume":"22","author":"Alsinnawi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.05.073","article-title":"Near-infrared fluorescence imaging of cancer mediated by tumor hypoxia and HIF1\u03b1\/OATPs signaling axis","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.08.008","article-title":"Tissue- and cell-specific functions of the androgen receptor revealed through conditional knockout models in mice","volume":"352","author":"Verhoeven","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203738","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202203738","article-title":"Placental MRI Predicts Fetal Oxygenation and Growth Rates in Sheep and Human Pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"Flouri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13795","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13795","article-title":"Diet-induced maternal obesity impacts feto-placental growth and induces sex-specific alterations in placental morphology, mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in mice","volume":"234","author":"Napso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy167","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism of mitochondrial function in the hypoxic guinea pig placenta","volume":"100","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meakin, A.S., Cuffe, J.S.M., Darby, J.R.T., Morrison, J.L., and Clifton, V.L. (2021). Let\u2019s Talk about Placental Sex, Baby: Understanding Mechanisms That Drive Female- and Male-Specific Fetal Growth and Developmental Outcomes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126386"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C835","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00205.2022","article-title":"Role of androgens and androgen receptor in control of mitochondrial function","volume":"323","author":"Ahmad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2023.04.011","article-title":"Characterization of trophoblast mitochondrial function and responses to testosterone treatment in ACH-3P cells","volume":"137","author":"Parsons","year":"2023","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2016.12.012","article-title":"Review: Placental mitochondrial function and structure in gestational disorders","volume":"54","author":"Holland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"2829","article-title":"Placental characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Koster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Human. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2019-00386","article-title":"Prenatal Testosterone Excess Disrupts Placental Function in a Sheep Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"160","author":"Kelley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabi6896","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abi6896","article-title":"Gene therapy with AR isoform 2 rescues spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy phenotype by modulating AR transcriptional activity","volume":"7","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"74","article-title":"Androgen receptor function is modulated by the tissue-specific AR45 variant","volume":"272","author":"Politz","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costanzo, V., Bardelli, A., Siena, S., and Abrignani, S. (2018). Exploring the links between cancer and placenta development. Open Biol., 8.","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.180081"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2013.11.005","article-title":"Optimising sample collection for placental research","volume":"35","author":"Burton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz114","article-title":"The R package Rsubread is easier, faster, cheaper and better for alignment and quantification of RNA sequencing reads","volume":"47","author":"Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616","article-title":"edgeR: A Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data","volume":"26","author":"Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Love, M.I., Huber, W., and Anders, S. (2014). Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wickham, H. (2016). ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15545","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102","article-title":"Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles","volume":"102","author":"Subramanian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1180","article-title":"PGC-1\u03b1-responsive genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are coordinately downregulated in human diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Mootha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2015.12.004","article-title":"The Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) hallmark gene set collection","volume":"1","author":"Liberzon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Syst."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/3\/1688\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:51:38Z","timestamp":1760104298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/3\/1688"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25031688"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25031688","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]}}}