{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T03:59:24Z","timestamp":1788580764996,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSTC","award":["NSTC 112-2314-B-039-021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2314-B-039-021"]}]},{"name":"NSTC","award":["CMU111-N-28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMU111-N-28"]}]},{"name":"\u201cChinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University\u201d","award":["NSTC 112-2314-B-039-021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2314-B-039-021"]}]},{"name":"\u201cChinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University\u201d","award":["CMU111-N-28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMU111-N-28"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan","award":["NSTC 112-2314-B-039-021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2314-B-039-021"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan","award":["CMU111-N-28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMU111-N-28"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuropathic pain, which is initiated by a malfunction of the somatosensory cortex system, elicits inflammation and simultaneously activates glial cells that initiate neuroinflammation. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to have therapeutic effects for neuropathic pain, although with uncertain mechanisms. We suggest that EA can reliably cure neuropathic disease through anti-inflammation and transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) signaling pathways from the peripheral to the central nervous system. To explore this, we used EA to treat the mice spared nerve injury (SNI) model and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms through novel chemogenetics techniques. Both mechanical and thermal pain were found in SNI mice at four weeks (mechanical: 3.23 \u00b1 0.29 g; thermal: 4.9 \u00b1 0.14 s). Mechanical hyperalgesia was partially attenuated by 2 Hz EA (mechanical: 4.05 \u00b1 0.19 g), and thermal hyperalgesia was fully reduced (thermal: 6.22 \u00b1 0.26 s) but not with sham EA (mechanical: 3.13 \u00b1 0.23 g; thermal: 4.58 \u00b1 0.37 s), suggesting EA\u2019s specificity. In addition, animals with Trpv1 deletion showed partial mechanical hyperalgesia and no significant induction of thermal hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain mice (mechanical: 4.43 \u00b1 0.26 g; thermal: 6.24 \u00b1 0.09 s). Moreover, we found increased levels of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1 beta (IL1-\u03b2), IL-3, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma after SNI modeling, which decreased in the EA and Trpv1\u2212\/\u2212 groups rather than the sham group. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis showed similar tendencies in the dorsal root ganglion, spinal cord dorsal horn, somatosensory cortex (SSC), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In addition, a novel chemogenetics method was used to precisely inhibit SSC to ACC activity, which showed an analgesic effect through the TRPV1 pathway. In summary, our findings indicate a novel mechanism underlying neuropathic pain as a beneficial target for neuropathic pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T08:44:08Z","timestamp":1706777048000},"page":"1771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Chemogenetics Modulation of Electroacupuncture Analgesia in Mice Spared Nerve Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain through TRPV1 Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6245-9023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I-Han","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Ming","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Cheng","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu 302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsien-Yin","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7204-8837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Wen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001939","article-title":"The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: Concepts, challenges, and compromises","volume":"161","author":"Rajaa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70143-5","article-title":"Neuropathic pain: Diagnosis, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Baron","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.11.018","article-title":"Neuropathic pain and SCI: Identification and treatment strategies in the 21st century","volume":"384","author":"Hatch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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