{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T23:52:01Z","timestamp":1781221921012,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Levosimendan is used for the short-term treatment of severe heart failure or other cardiac conditions. The area of existing clinical applications for levosimendan has increased significantly. This study aimed to assess whether levosimendan and its metabolites impact the mechanisms related to platelet activation. In this study, we included patients with coronary artery disease receiving antiplatelet therapy. We analyzed the pharmacodynamic profile using three independent methods to assess platelet activity. The results of the conducted studies indicate a mechanism of levosimendan that affects the function of platelets, causing higher inhibition of platelet receptors and, thus, their aggregation. It is essential to clarify whether levosimendan may affect platelets due to the need to maintain a balance between bleeding and thrombosis in patients treated with levosimendan. This is especially important in the case of perioperative bleeding. This study was conducted in vitro; the research should be continued and carried out in patients to check the complete pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T09:24:08Z","timestamp":1706865848000},"page":"1824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of Levosimendan and Its Metabolites on Platelet Activation Mechanisms in Patients during Antiplatelet Therapy\u2014Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1095-3844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Sikora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Education Unit for Experimental Biotechnology, Department of Transplantology and General Surgery, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Pstr\u0105gowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4077-6412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Karczmarska-W\u00f3dzka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Education Unit for Experimental Biotechnology, Department of Transplantology and General Surgery, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4124-1137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Wszelaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Education Unit for Experimental Biotechnology, Department of Transplantology and General Surgery, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0388-3446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Buszko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theoretical Foundations of Biomedical Science and Medical Informatics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8730-7480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zbigniew","family":"W\u0142odarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transplantology and General Surgery, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Levosimendan: Current data, clinical use and future development","volume":"5","author":"Nieminen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart Lung Vessel."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.02.014","article-title":"Levosimendan meta-analyses: Is there a pattern in the effect on mortality?","volume":"209","author":"Pollesello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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