{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T18:46:23Z","timestamp":1786733183120,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Obihiro City-Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Collaboration Project","award":["2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020"]}]},{"name":"Obihiro City-Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Collaboration Project","award":["2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Universal diagnostic criteria for chronic endometritis (CE) have not been established due to differences in study design among researchers and a lack of typical clinical cases. Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) have been reported to cause inflammation in the reproductive systems of several animals. This study aimed to elucidate the influence of LPS in the pathogenesis of CE in humans. We investigated whether LPS affected cytokine production and cell proliferation in the endometrium using in vivo and in vitro experiments. LPS concentrations were analyzed between control and CE patients using endometrial tissues. LPS administration stimulated the proliferation of EM-E6\/E7 cells derived from human endometrial cells. High LPS concentrations were detected in CE patients. LPS concentration was found to correlate with IL-6 gene expression in the endometrium. Inflammation signaling evoked by LPS led to the onset of CE, since LPS stimulates inflammatory responses and cell cycles in the endometrium. We identified LPS and IL-6 as suitable candidate markers for the diagnosis of CE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T06:12:58Z","timestamp":1707286378000},"page":"2017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of Lipopolysaccharide and Interleukin-6 as Useful Screening Tool for Chronic Endometritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Erina","family":"Yoneda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangwoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kisaki","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Minase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapporo Clinical Laboratory Inc., Sapporo 060-0005, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsunori","family":"Kayano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Global Agro-Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Tetsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoki","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Iwayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obihiro ART Clinic, Obihiro 080-0803, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideomi","family":"Sanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obihiro ART Clinic, Obihiro 080-0803, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8784-2136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Muranishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2021.01.034","article-title":"Chronic endometritis impairs embryo implantation in patients with repeated implantation failure: A retrospective study","volume":"61","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Taiwan J. 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