{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T19:21:21Z","timestamp":1790536881385,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32002324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK2020945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK2020945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021M692716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M692716"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XCX20230741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XCX20230741"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D18007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D18007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32002324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK2020945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK2020945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021M692716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M692716"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XCX20230741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XCX20230741"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D18007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D18007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32002324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK2020945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK2020945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021M692716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M692716"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XCX20230741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XCX20230741"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D18007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D18007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovation and entrepreneurship training program for college students of Yangzhou University","award":["32002324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002324"]}]},{"name":"Innovation and entrepreneurship training program for college students of Yangzhou University","award":["BK2020945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK2020945"]}]},{"name":"Innovation and entrepreneurship training program for college students of Yangzhou University","award":["2021M692716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M692716"]}]},{"name":"Innovation and entrepreneurship training program for college students of Yangzhou University","award":["XCX20230741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XCX20230741"]}]},{"name":"Innovation and entrepreneurship training program for college students of Yangzhou University","award":["D18007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D18007"]}]},{"name":"111 Project","award":["32002324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002324"]}]},{"name":"111 Project","award":["BK2020945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK2020945"]}]},{"name":"111 Project","award":["2021M692716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M692716"]}]},{"name":"111 Project","award":["XCX20230741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XCX20230741"]}]},{"name":"111 Project","award":["D18007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D18007"]}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)","award":["32002324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002324"]}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)","award":["BK2020945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK2020945"]}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)","award":["2021M692716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M692716"]}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)","award":["XCX20230741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XCX20230741"]}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)","award":["D18007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D18007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>H9N2 avian influenza poses a significant public health risk, necessitating effective vaccines for mass immunization. Oral inactivated vaccines offer advantages like the ease of administration, but their efficacy often requires enhancement through mucosal adjuvants. In a previous study, we established a novel complex of polysaccharide from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz binding with zinc oxide nanoparticles (AMP-ZnONPs) and preliminarily demonstrated its immune-enhancing function. This work aimed to evaluate the efficacy of AMP-ZnONPs as adjuvants in an oral H9N2-inactivated vaccine and the vaccine\u2019s impact on intestinal mucosal immunity. In this study, mice were orally vaccinated on days 0 and 14 after adapting to the environment. AMP-ZnONPs significantly improved HI titers, the levels of specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a in serum and sIgA in intestinal lavage fluid; increased the number of B-1 and B-2 cells and dendritic cell populations; and enhanced the mRNA expression of intestinal homing factors and immune-related cytokines. Interestingly, AMP-ZnONPs were more likely to affect B-1 cells than B-2 cells. AMP-ZnONPs showed mucosal immune enhancement that was comparable to positive control (cholera toxin, CT), but not to the side effect of weight loss caused by CT. Compared to the whole-inactivated H9N2 virus (WIV) group, the WIV + AMP-ZnONP and WIV + CT groups exhibited opposite shifts in gut microbial abundance. AMP-ZnONPs serve as an effective and safe mucosal adjuvant for oral WIV, improving cellular, humoral and mucosal immunity and microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract, avoiding the related undesired effects of CT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T11:42:05Z","timestamp":1707478925000},"page":"2132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Polysaccharide from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz Binding with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as a Novel Mucosal Immune Adjuvant for H9N2 Inactivated Vaccine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Xiaopan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuying","family":"Huai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5319-0480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruonan","family":"Bo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Ma, K., Li, B., Chen, Y., Qiu, Z., Xing, J., Huang, J., Hu, C., Huang, Y., and Li, H. (2021). A risk marker of tribasic hemagglutinin cleavage site in influenza A (H9N2) virus. Commun. Biol., 4.","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01589-7"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pawar, S.D., Tandale, B.V., Raut, C.G., Parkhi, S.S., Barde, T.D., Gurav, Y.K., Kode, S.S., and Mishra, A.C. (2012). Avian Influenza H9N2 Seroprevalence among Poultry Workers in Pune, India, 2010. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036374"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coman, A., Maftei, D.N., Krueger, W.S., Heil, G.L., Friary, J.A., Chereches, R.M., Sirlincan, E., Bria, P., Dragnea, C., and Kasler, I. (2018). Serological evidence for avian H9N2 influenza virus infections among Romanian agriculture workers. J. Infect. Public Health, 11.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2018.10.006"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817002576","article-title":"A brief summary of the epidemiology and genetic relatedness of avian influenza H9N2 virus in birds and mammals in the Middle East and North Africa","volume":"145","author":"Nagy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3251","article-title":"Recent progress in mucosal vaccine development: Potential and limitations","volume":"12","author":"Lycke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, F.D.S., Mazzoli, A., Maia, A.R., Saggese, A., Isticato, R., Leite, F., Iossa, S., Ricca, E., and Baccigalupi, L. (2020). A probiotic treatment increases the immune response induced by the nasal delivery of spore-adsorbed TTFC. Microb. Cell Fact., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-020-01308-1"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.09.33","article-title":"Moving forward: A mucosal vaccine against group A streptococcus","volume":"8","author":"Georgousakis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koussoulas, K., Gwynne, R.M., Foong, J.P.P., and Bornstein, J.C. (2017). Cholera Toxin Induces Sustained Hyperexcitability in Myenteric, but Not Submucosal, AH Neurons in Guinea Pig Jejunum. Front. Physiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00254"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, M., Zhang, Q., Taha, R., Abdelmotalab, M.I., Wen, Q., Yuan, Y., Zhao, Y., Li, Q., Liao, C., and Huang, X. (2022). Polysaccharide from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating the Th17\/Treg cell balance. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1021695"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, Y., Zhang, X., Jiao, L., Tao, X., Li, M., Lu, J., Jin, M., Zhang, L., and Zhou, Q. (2023). The regulation effect of Atractylodis macrocephalae polysaccharides on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function in Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquac. Rep., 31.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2023.101641"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7111","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S219623","article-title":"Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides regulate the innate immunity of colorectal cancer cells by modulating the TLR4 signaling pathway","volume":"12","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-011-0722-1","article-title":"Evaluation of the cytotoxic and inflammatory potential of differentially shaped zinc oxide nanoparticles","volume":"85","author":"Heng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, P., Jang, N.Y., Lee, J.W., Park, B.C., Kim, Y.K., and Cho, N.H. (2019). Application of ZnO-Based Nanocomposites for Vaccines and Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11100493"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bo, R., Liu, X., Wang, J., Wei, S., Wu, X., Tao, Y., Xu, S., Liu, M., Li, J., and Pang, H. (2022). Polysaccharide from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz binding with zinc oxide nanoparticles: Characterization, immunological effect and mechanism. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.992502"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.07.017","article-title":"Improved immune responses to a bivalent vaccine of Newcastle disease and avian influenza in chickens by ginseng stem-leaf saponins","volume":"167","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.2009","article-title":"Effect of Lianshu preparation on lipopolysaccharide-induced diarrhea in rats","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54215","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17105","article-title":"Sodium selenite prevents suppression of mucosal humoral response by AFB(1) in broiler\u2019s cecal tonsil","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20150537","article-title":"Continuous inhibitory signaling by both SHP-1 and SHIP-1 pathways is required to maintain unresponsiveness of anergic B cells","volume":"213","author":"Getahun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, P., Wang, L., An, S., Wang, C., Jiang, Q., and Li, X. (2022). Fabrication of quercetin-loaded nanoparticles based on Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides and their modulatory effects on intestinal function and gut microbiota in vivo. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg., 78.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2022.102993"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2018.04.008","article-title":"Agricultural Risk Factors Influence Microbial Ecology in Honghu Lake","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genom. Proteom. Bioinf."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01272-09","article-title":"Yersinia enterocolitica promotes robust mucosal inflammatory T-cell immunity in murine neonates","volume":"78","author":"Echeverry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2596","DOI":"10.3109\/10717544.2015.1038856","article-title":"Induction of HIV-1 gag specific immune responses by cationic micelles mediated delivery of gag mRNA","volume":"23","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Q., Su, G., Wu, A., Chen, D., Yu, B., Huang, Z., Luo, Y., Mao, X., Zheng, P., and Yu, J. (2019). Bombyx mori gloverin A2 alleviates enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced inflammation and intestinal mucosa disruption. Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control, 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0651-y"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, P.F., Wusiman, A., Zhang, Y., Cai, G.F., Xu, S.W., Zhu, S.W., Liu, Z.G., Hu, Y.L., Liu, J.G., and Wang, D.Y. (2020). Polyethylenimine-coated PLGA nanoparticles-encapsulated Angelica sinensis polysaccharide as an adjuvant for H9N2 vaccine to improve immune responses in chickens compared to Alum and oil-based adjuvants. Vet. Microbiol., 251.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108894"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S.L., Xue, G.H., Zhao, H.Q., Feng, Y.L., Yan, C., Cui, J.H., and Sun, H.M. (2019). The Mycoplasma pneumoniae HapE alters the cytokine profile and growth of human bronchial epithelial cells. Biosci. Rep., 39.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20182201"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2005.02198.x","article-title":"Mechanism of up-regulation of immunoglobulin A production in the intestine of mice unresponsive to lipopolysaccharide","volume":"116","author":"Kaneko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"221","article-title":"IgA, IgA Receptors, and Their Anti-inflammatory Properties","volume":"382","author":"Mkaddem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Q., Wang, S., Poungchawanwong, S., and Hou, H. (2019). Effect of Peptides from Alaska Pollock on Intestinal Mucosal Immunity Function and Purification of Active Fragments. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102517"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Block, M.S., Dietz, A.B., Gustafson, M.P., Kalli, K.R., Erskine, C.L., Youssef, B., Vijay, G.V., Allred, J.B., Pavelko, K.D., and Strausbauch, M.A. (2020). Th17-inducing autologous dendritic cell vaccination promotes antigen-specific cellular and humoral immunity in ovarian cancer patients. Nat. Commun., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18962-z"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2007.14","article-title":"Differentiation and homing of IgA-secreting cells","volume":"1","author":"Mora","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2009.00872.x","article-title":"Regulation of intestinal homeostasis by dendritic cells","volume":"234","author":"Tezuka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.05.001","article-title":"The biology of intestinal immunoglobulin A responses","volume":"28","author":"Cerutti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2023.03.003","article-title":"Systemically inoculated adjuvants stimulate pDC-dependent IgA response in local site","volume":"16","author":"Sasaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1132742","article-title":"Generation of gut-homing IgA-secreting B cells by intestinal dendritic cells","volume":"314","author":"Mora","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2900","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737210","article-title":"Specific TLR ligands regulate APRIL secretion by dendritic cells in a PKR-dependent manner","volume":"37","author":"Hardenberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foxx, C.L., Nagy, M.R., King, A.E., Albin, D., and DeKrey, G.K. (2022). TCDD exposure alters fecal IgA concentrations in male and female mice. BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-022-00563-9"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grasset, E.K., Chorny, A., Casas-Recasens, S., Gutzeit, C., Bongers, G., Thomsen, I., Chen, L., He, Z., Matthews, D.B., and Oropallo, M.A. (2020). Gut T cell-independent IgA responses to commensal bacteria require engagement of the TACI receptor on B cells. Sci. Immunol., 5.","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aat7117"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, T., Li, J., Fu, Y.T., Ye, H., Liu, X.C., Li, G.L., Yang, X.L., and Yang, J.S. (2020). Influence of gut microbiota on mucosal IgA antibody response to the polio vaccine. NPJ Vaccines, 5.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-020-0194-5"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutin, D., Hagen, K.A., Shao, P., Sugamori, K., Grant, D.M., and Matthews, J. (2022). Reduced Colonic Mucosal Injury in 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase (TIPARP\/PARP7)-Deficient Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020920"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"305","article-title":"Bacterial metabolism and health-related effects of galacto-oligosaccharides and other prebiotics","volume":"104","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borda-Molina, D., Vital, M., Sommerfeld, V., Rodehutscord, M., and Camarinha-Silva, A. (2016). Insights into Broilers\u2019 Gut Microbiota Fed with Phosphorus, Calcium, and Phytase Supplemented Diets. Front. Microbiol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.02033"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i22.3289","article-title":"Pathogenicty and immune prophylaxis of cag pathogenicity island gene knockout homogenic mutants","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/4\/2132\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:58:08Z","timestamp":1760104688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/4\/2132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25042132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25042132","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]}}}