{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T16:31:48Z","timestamp":1789835508924,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health Ricerca Corrente Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the relationship between the microbiota and various aspects of health has become a focal point of scientific investigation. Although the most studied microbiota concern the gastrointestinal tract, recently, the interest has also been extended to other body districts. Female genital tract dysbiosis and its possible impact on pathologies such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and gynecological cancers have been unveiled. The incursion of pathogenic microbes alters the ecological equilibrium of the vagina, triggering inflammation and compromising immune defense, potentially fostering an environment conducive to cancer development. The most common types of gynecological cancer include cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer, which occur in women of any age but especially in postmenopausal women. Several studies highlighted that a low presence of lactobacilli at the vaginal level, and consequently, in related areas (such as the endometrium and ovary), correlates with a higher risk of gynecological pathology and likely contributes to increased incidence and worse prognosis of gynecological cancers. The complex interplay between microbial communities and the development, progression, and treatment of gynecologic malignancies is a burgeoning field not yet fully understood. The intricate crosstalk between the gut microbiota and systemic inflammation introduces a new dimension to our understanding of gynecologic cancers. The objective of this review is to focus attention on the association between vaginal microbiota and gynecological malignancies and provide detailed knowledge for future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T04:18:22Z","timestamp":1707884302000},"page":"2237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Gynecological Cancers and Microbiota Dynamics: Insights into Pathogenesis and Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Cocomazzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lino","family":"Del Pup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility, University Sanitary Agency Friuli Central (ASUFC), Via Pozzuolo, 330, 33100 Udine, FVG, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Contu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Medicine Unit, Humanitas Gradenigo, Corso Regina Margherita 8\/10, 10153 Torino, FC, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Maggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pia Fondazione Cardinale Giovanni Panico, Via S. 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Cremona 8, 40137 Bologna, RE, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"De Ruvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Affidea Promea, Via Menabrea 14, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Faioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics, IRCCS \u201cCasa Sollievo della Sofferenza\u201d, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Maglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics, IRCCS \u201cCasa Sollievo della Sofferenza\u201d, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5061-8007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio Maria","family":"Baldini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVF Center, Mom\u00f2 Fertilife, 76011 Bisceglie Via Cala dell\u2019Arciprete, 76011 Bisceglie, BT, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1433-504X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Baldini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVF Center, Mom\u00f2 Fertilife, 76011 Bisceglie Via Cala dell\u2019Arciprete, 76011 Bisceglie, BT, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3492-1153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio","family":"Pazienza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12249","article-title":"Deciphering the effect of reproductive tract microbiota on human reproduction","volume":"18","author":"Moreno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. 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