{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:48:52Z","timestamp":1790779732998,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group","award":["IT1578-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT1578-22"]}]},{"name":"Microbiology Department, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group","award":["GIC21\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GIC21\/18"]}]},{"name":"Microbiology Department, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group","award":["2023\u20132026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\u20132026"]}]},{"name":"Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute and the DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE BASQUE GOVERNMENT","award":["IT1578-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT1578-22"]}]},{"name":"Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute and the DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE BASQUE GOVERNMENT","award":["GIC21\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GIC21\/18"]}]},{"name":"Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute and the DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE BASQUE GOVERNMENT","award":["2023\u20132026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\u20132026"]}]},{"name":"Basque Government\u2019s Postdoctoral Fellowship","award":["IT1578-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT1578-22"]}]},{"name":"Basque Government\u2019s Postdoctoral Fellowship","award":["GIC21\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GIC21\/18"]}]},{"name":"Basque Government\u2019s Postdoctoral Fellowship","award":["2023\u20132026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\u20132026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are a global threat causing a high number of fatal infections. This microorganism can also easily acquire antibiotic resistance determinants, making the treatment of infections a big challenge, and has the ability to persist in the hospital environment under a wide range of conditions. The objective of this work was to study the molecular epidemiology and genetic characteristics of two blaOXA24\/40\u00a0Acinetobacter baumannii outbreaks (2009 and 2020-21) at a tertiary hospital in Northern Spain. Thirty-six isolates were investigated and genotypically screened by Whole Genome Sequencing to analyse the resistome and virulome. Isolates were resistant to carbapenems, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. Multi-Locus Sequence Typing analysis identified that Outbreak 1 was mainly produced by isolates belonging to ST3Pas\/ST106Oxf (IC3) containing blaOXA24\/40, blaOXA71 and blaADC119. Outbreak 2 isolates were exclusively ST2Pas\/ST801Oxf (IC2) blaOXA24\/40, blaOXA66 and blaADC30, the same genotype seen in two isolates from 2009. Virulome analysis showed that IC2 isolates contained genes for capsular polysaccharide KL32 and lipooligosacharide OCL5. A 8.9 Kb plasmid encoding the blaOXA24\/40 gene was common in all isolates. The persistance over time of a virulent IC2 clone highlights the need of active surveillance to control its spread.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T03:37:27Z","timestamp":1708054647000},"page":"2333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Genomic Surveillance Uncovers a 10-Year Persistence of an OXA-24\/40 Acinetobacter baumannii Clone in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2432-7078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maitane","family":"Aranzamendi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group, Microbiology Department, Infectious Diseases Area, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organization, 20014 San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"},{"name":"<i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i> Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8591-8184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyriaki","family":"Xanthopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8435-839X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Urtaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i> Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Burgwinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Arazo del Pino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Luca\u00dfen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"P\u00e9rez-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Microbiology, Reference and Research Laboratory for Antibiotic Resistance, ISCIII, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Oteo-Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Microbiology, Reference and Research Laboratory for Antibiotic Resistance, ISCIII, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Sota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Management Department, IIS Biodonostia Health Research Institute, University Hospital Donostia, 20014 Donostia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2787-7094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Mar\u00eda","family":"Marim\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group, Microbiology Department, Infectious Diseases Area, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organization, 20014 San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7732-4762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harald","family":"Seifert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Translational Research, CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, 50935, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8677-9454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul G.","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i> Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez-L\u00f3pez, R., Solano-G\u00e1lvez, S.G., Ju\u00e1rez Vignon-Whaley, J.J., Abello Vaamonde, J.A., Padr\u00f3 Alonzo, L.A., Rivera Res\u00e9ndiz, A., Muleiro \u00c1lvarez, M., Vega L\u00f3pez, E.N., Franyuti-Kelly, G., and \u00c1lvarez-Hern\u00e1ndez, D.A. 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