{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:07:56Z","timestamp":1780358876630,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease and the most common cause of vision loss in the Western World. In its advanced stage, AMD occurs in two clinically distinguished forms, dry and wet, but only wet AMD is treatable. However, the treatment based on repeated injections with vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) antagonists may at best stop the disease progression and prevent or delay vision loss but without an improvement of visual dysfunction. Moreover, it is a serious mental and financial burden for patients and may be linked with some complications. The recent first success of intravitreal gene therapy with ADVM-022, which transformed retinal cells to continuous production of aflibercept, a VEGF antagonist, after a single injection, has opened a revolutionary perspective in wet AMD treatment. Promising results obtained so far in other ongoing clinical trials support this perspective. In this narrative\/hypothesis review, we present basic information on wet AMD pathogenesis and treatment, the concept of gene therapy in retinal diseases, update evidence on completed and ongoing clinical trials with gene therapy for wet AMD, and perspectives on the progress to the clinic of \u201cone and done\u201d therapy for wet AMD to replace a lifetime of injections. Gene editing targeting the VEGFA gene is also presented as another gene therapy strategy to improve wet AMD management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T05:39:56Z","timestamp":1708321196000},"page":"2386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A New Generation of Gene Therapies as the Future of Wet AMD Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9539-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janusz","family":"Blasiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Plock, 09-402 Plock, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5373-4783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elzbieta","family":"Pawlowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-217 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Ciupi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, H. Bieganski Hospital, 91-347 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7203-271X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Derwich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-217 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Szczepanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-217 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2600-8679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Kaarniranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1159\/000517520","article-title":"Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Pathophysiology, Management, and Future Perspectives","volume":"244","author":"Flores","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"513","article-title":"The Diagnosis and Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"117","author":"Stahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dtsch. \u00c4rzteblatt Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-05059-y","article-title":"Switching anti-VEGF agent for wet AMD: Evaluation of impact on visual acuity, treatment frequency and retinal morphology in a real-world clinical setting","volume":"259","author":"Granstam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. 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