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Therefore, a study was conducted to systematically investigate the effects of water on the reactivity and the product distribution in ethylene aromatization using infrared spectroscopy (IR), intelligent gravitation analyzer (IGA), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) characterizations. The results demonstrated that the presence of water reduced ethylene conversion and aromatic selectivity while increasing hydrogen selectivity at the same contact time. This indicated that water had an effect on the reaction pathway by promoting the dehydrogenation reaction and suppressing the hydrogen transfer reaction. A detailed analysis using linear combination fitting (LCF) of Zn K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) on Zn\/HZSM-5 catalysts showed significant variations in the state of existence and the distribution of Zn species on the deactivated catalysts, depending on different reaction atmospheres and water contents. The presence of water strongly hindered the conversion of ZnOH+ species, which served as the active centers for the dehydrogenation reaction, to ZnO on the catalyst. As a result, the dehydrogenation activity remained high in the presence of water. This study using IR and IGA techniques revealed that water on the Zn\/HZSM-5 catalyst inhibited the adsorption of ethylene on the zeolite, resulting in a noticeable decrease in ethylene conversion and a decrease in aromatic selectivity. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the aromatization reaction process and provide data support for the design of efficient aromatization catalysts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T05:39:56Z","timestamp":1708321196000},"page":"2387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Effect of Water Co-Feeding on the Catalytic Performance of Zn\/HZSM-5 in Ethylene Aromatization Reactions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jiabei","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. 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