{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T03:04:22Z","timestamp":1784516662418,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sch\u00e4fersnolte-Ged\u00e4chtnis-Stiftung Ministerium f\u00fcr Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen","award":["Fonds 361717 MKG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fonds 361717 MKG"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was recently introduced as a rapid bone analysis technique in bone-infiltrating head and neck cancers. Research efforts on laser surgery systems with controlled tissue feedback are currently limited to animal specimens and the use of nontumorous tissues. Accordingly, this study aimed to characterize the electrolyte composition of tissues in human mandibular bone-infiltrating head and neck cancer. Mandible cross-sections from 12 patients with bone-invasive head and neck cancers were natively investigated with LIBS. Representative LIBS spectra (n = 3049) of the inferior alveolar nerve, fibrosis, tumor stroma, and cell-rich tumor areas were acquired and histologically validated. Tissue-specific differences in the LIBS spectra were determined by receiver operating characteristics analysis and visualized by principal component analysis. The electrolyte emission values of calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) significantly (p &lt; 0.0001) differed in fibrosis, nerve tissue, tumor stroma, and cell-rich tumor areas. Based on the intracellular detection of Ca and K, LIBS ensures the discrimination between the inferior alveolar nerve and cell-rich tumor tissue with a sensitivity of \u226595.2% and a specificity of \u226587.2%. The heterogeneity of electrolyte emission values within tumorous and nontumorous tissue areas enables LIBS-based tissue recognition in mandibular bone-infiltrating head and neck cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T07:33:56Z","timestamp":1708673636000},"page":"2607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessment of the Electrolyte Heterogeneity of Tissues in Mandibular Bone-Infiltrating Head and Neck Cancer Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8315-7684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Winnand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstra\u00dfe 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2010-5227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus Olaf","family":"Boernsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9785-9502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Ooms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstra\u00dfe 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9205-6065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius","family":"Heitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstra\u00dfe 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Vohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstra\u00dfe 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Lammert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstra\u00dfe 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"H\u00f6lzle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstra\u00dfe 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2160-4527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Modabber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstra\u00dfe 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-023-06425-3","article-title":"Laser ablation research and development: 60 years strong","volume":"129","author":"Russo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. 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