{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:17:19Z","timestamp":1791389839542,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to determine the behavior of the right ventricle, we have reviewed the existing literature in the area of cardiac remodeling, signal transduction pathways, subcellular mechanisms, \u03b2-adrenoreceptor-adenylyl cyclase system and myocardial catecholamine content during the development of left ventricular failure due to myocardial infarction. The right ventricle exhibited adaptive cardiac hypertrophy due to increases in different signal transduction pathways involving the activation of protein kinase C, phospholipase C and protein kinase A systems by elevated levels of vasoactive hormones such as catecholamines and angiotensin II in the circulation at early and moderate stages of heart failure. An increase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport without any changes in myofibrillar Ca2+-stimulated ATPase was observed in the right ventricle at early and moderate stages of heart failure. On the other hand, the right ventricle showed maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy at the severe stages of heart failure due to myocardial infarction. The upregulation and downregulation of \u03b2-adrenoreceptor-mediated signal transduction pathways were observed in the right ventricle at moderate and late stages of heart failure, respectively. The catalytic activity of adenylate cyclase, as well as the regulation of this enzyme by Gs proteins, were seen to be augmented in the hypertrophied right ventricle at early, moderate and severe stages of heart failure. Furthermore, catecholamine stores and catecholamine uptake in the right ventricle were also affected as a consequence of changes in the sympathetic nervous system at different stages of heart failure. It is suggested that the hypertrophied right ventricle may serve as a compensatory mechanism to the left ventricle during the development of early and moderate stages of heart failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T07:33:56Z","timestamp":1708673636000},"page":"2610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Behavior of Hypertrophied Right Ventricle during the Development of Left Ventricular Failure Due to Myocardial Infarction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Naranjan S.","family":"Dhalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina Oliveira","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla Maria Lins","family":"de Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Adameova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 8H103 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90215-5","article-title":"Pathophysiology and current therapy of congestive heart failure","volume":"13","author":"Parmley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. 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