{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:15:54Z","timestamp":1791807354552,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Centre, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/35\/D\/NZ5\/02820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/35\/D\/NZ5\/02820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Opioid peptides and their G protein-coupled receptors are important regulators within the cardiovascular system, implicated in the modulation of both heart and vascular functions. It is known that naloxone\u2014an opioid antagonist\u2014may exert a hypertensive effect. Recent experimental and clinical evidence supports the important role of inflammatory mechanisms in hypertension. Since opioids may play a role in the regulation of both blood pressure and immune response, we studied these two processes in our model. We aimed to evaluate the effect of selective and non-selective opioid receptor antagonists on blood pressure and T-cell activation in a mouse model of high swim stress-induced analgesia. Blood pressure was measured before and during the infusion of opioid receptor antagonists using a non-invasive tail\u2013cuff measurement system. To assess the activation of T-cells, flow cytometry was used. We discovered that the non-selective antagonism of the opioid system by naloxone caused a significant elevation of blood pressure. The selective antagonism of \u03bc and \u03ba but not \u03b4 opioid receptors significantly increased systolic blood pressure. Subsequently, a brief characterization of T-cell subsets was performed. We found that the blockade of \u03bc and \u03b4 receptors is associated with the increased expression of CD69 on CD4 T-cells. Moreover, we observed an increase in the central memory CD4 and central memory CD8 T-cell populations after the \u03b4 opioid receptor blockade. The antagonism of the \u03bc opioid receptor increased the CD8 effector and central memory T-cell populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T10:47:30Z","timestamp":1708685250000},"page":"2618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Role of Opioid Receptor Antagonists in Regulation of Blood Pressure and T-Cell Activation in Mice Selected for High Analgesia Induced by Swim Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5910-2955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Skiba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinga","family":"Jasku\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2806-6194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Nawrocka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1321-2235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Pozna\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzena","family":"\u0141azarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0148-541X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Szyma\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3535-715X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tymoteusz","family":"\u017bera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Sacharczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 81 Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Cudnoch-J\u0119drzejewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Gaciong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Hypertension and Angiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6090","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212803582360","article-title":"Non-analgesic effects of opioids: Cardiovascular effects of opioids and their receptor systems","volume":"18","author":"Headrick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. 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