{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:13:54Z","timestamp":1785888834629,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011755","name":"National Center for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POIR.04.01.01-00-0016\/19-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIR.04.01.01-00-0016\/19-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011755","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011755","name":"National Center for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/41\/B\/ST7\/04002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/41\/B\/ST7\/04002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011755","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Center of Science","award":["POIR.04.01.01-00-0016\/19-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIR.04.01.01-00-0016\/19-00"]}]},{"name":"National Center of Science","award":["2021\/41\/B\/ST7\/04002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/41\/B\/ST7\/04002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics in recent years demands innovative strategies for the detection and combating of biofilms, which are notoriously resilient. Biofilms, particularly those on contact lenses, can lead to biofilm-related infections (e.g., conjunctivitis and keratitis), posing a significant risk to patients. Non-destructive and non-contact sensing techniques are essential in addressing this threat. Digital holographic tomography emerges as a promising solution. This allows for the 3D reconstruction of the refractive index distribution in biological samples, enabling label-free visualization and the quantitative analysis of biofilms. This tool provides insight into the dynamics of biofilm formation and maturation on the surface of transparent materials. Applying digital holographic tomography for biofilm examination has the potential to advance our ability to combat the antibiotic bacterial resistance crisis. A recent study focused on characterizing biofilm formation and maturation on six soft contact lens materials (three silicone hydrogels, three hydrogels), with a particular emphasis on Staphylococcus epidermis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, both common culprits in ocular infections. The results revealed species- and time-dependent variations in the refractive indexes and volumes of biofilms, shedding light on cell dynamics, cell death, and contact lens material-related factors. The use of digital holographic tomography enables the quantitative analysis of biofilm dynamics, providing us with a better understanding and characterization of bacterial biofilms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T06:50:23Z","timestamp":1708930223000},"page":"2653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Quantifying the Dynamics of Bacterial Biofilm Formation on the Surface of Soft Contact Lens Materials Using Digital Holographic Tomography to Advance Biofilm Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9774-4625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Buzalewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, 73A H. M. Kamienskiego St., 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1656-9686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Kaczorowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14a F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Fija\u0142kowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LipoTech Ltd., Liszki 536, 32-060 Liszki, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4030-188X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Pietrowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7282-6560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Karolina","family":"Matczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 31 C.K. Norwida St., 51-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7162-8530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halina","family":"Podbielska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7018-6507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Wieliczko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epizootiology and Veterinary Administration with Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 45 Grunwaldzki Square, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Witkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, 73A H. 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