{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T21:12:52Z","timestamp":1770844372769,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.09032.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.09032.PTDC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-024325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-024325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>MicroRNA (miRNA) modulation has been identified as a promising strategy for improving the response of human prostate cancer (PCa) to radiotherapy (RT). Studies have shown that mimics or inhibitors of miRNAs could modulate the sensitivity of PCa cells to RT. In addition, pegylated gold nanoparticles have been studied as a therapeutic approach to treat PCa cells and\/or vehicles for carrying miRNAs to the inside of cells. Therefore, we evaluated the capacity of hypofractionated RT and pegylated gold nanorods (AuNPr-PEG) to modulate the miRNA signature on PCa cells. Thus, RT-qPCR was used to analyze miRNA-95, miRNA-106-5p, miRNA-145-5p, and miRNA-541-3p on three human metastatic prostate cell lines (PC3, DU145, and LNCaP) and one human prostate epithelial cell line (HprEpiC, a non-tumor cell line) with and without treatment. Our results showed that miRNA expression levels depend on cell type and the treatment combination applied using RT and AuNPr-PEG. In addition, cells pre-treated with AuNPr-PEG and submitted to 2.5 Gy per day for 3 days decreased the expression levels of miRNA-95, miRNA-106, miRNA-145, and miRNA-541-3p. In conclusion, PCa patients submitted to hypofractionated RT could receive personalized treatment based on their metastatic cellular miRNA signature, and AuNPr-PEG could be used to increase metastatic cell radiosensitivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T11:52:55Z","timestamp":1709034775000},"page":"2754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Radiotherapy Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cell Lines Treated with Gold Nanorods Modulate miRNA Signatures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4344-7860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"(i3S), Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o, Inova\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Cl\u00ednicos, Hospital Escola Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Biomark@UC\/CEB\u2013Centre of Biological Engineering of Minho University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra University, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Radiotherapy Service, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8111-9123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Aires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy Service, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armanda","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy Service, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy Service, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o, Inova\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Cl\u00ednicos, Hospital Escola Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9936-7336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goreti","family":"Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Biomark@UC\/CEB\u2013Centre of Biological Engineering of Minho University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra University, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1950-1414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Correa-Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINBIO, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"Southern Galicia Institute of Health Research (IISGS), Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 36310 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"(i3S), Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto-IPATIMUP, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8933-3984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00faben","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"(i3S), Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o, Inova\u00e7\u00e3o e 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