{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:00:39Z","timestamp":1788303639097,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The DNA damage response (DDR) system is a complicated network of signaling pathways that detects and repairs DNA damage or induces apoptosis. Critical regulators of the DDR network include the DNA damage kinases ataxia telangiectasia mutated Rad3-related kinase (ATR) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). The ATR pathway coordinates processes such as replication stress response, stabilization of replication forks, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair. ATR inhibition disrupts these functions, causing a reduction of DNA repair, accumulation of DNA damage, replication fork collapse, inappropriate mitotic entry, and mitotic catastrophe. Recent data have shown that the inhibition of ATR can lead to synthetic lethality in ATM-deficient malignancies. In addition, ATR inhibition plays a significant role in the activation of the immune system by increasing the tumor mutational burden and neoantigen load as well as by triggering the accumulation of cytosolic DNA and subsequently inducing the cGAS-STING pathway and the type I IFN response. Taken together, we review stimulating data showing that ATR kinase inhibition can alter the DDR network, the immune system, and their interplay and, therefore, potentially provide a novel strategy to improve the efficacy of antitumor therapy, using ATR inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination with genotoxic drugs and\/or immunomodulators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T11:52:55Z","timestamp":1709034775000},"page":"2767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Targeting ATR Pathway in Solid Tumors: Evidence of Improving Therapeutic Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Dimitra","family":"Mavroeidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Georganta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4243-0434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Panagiotou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Syrigos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2945-1329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassilis L.","family":"Souliotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cadet, J., and Wagner, J.R. (2013). DNA Base Damage by Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidizing Agents, and UV Radiation. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 5.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a012559"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22087","article-title":"Mechanisms of DNA Damage, Repair, and Mutagenesis","volume":"58","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.05.003","article-title":"DNA Replication\u2014A Matter of Fidelity","volume":"62","author":"Ganai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.002","article-title":"Endogenous DNA Damage as a Source of Genomic Instability in Cancer","volume":"168","author":"Tubbs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cotox.2017.10.009","article-title":"DNA Repair after Oxidative Stress: Current Challenges","volume":"7","author":"Camargo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08467","article-title":"The DNA-Damage Response in Human Biology and Disease","volume":"461","author":"Jackson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Nowsheen, S., and Deng, M. (2023). DNA Repair Deficiency Regulates Immunity Response in Cancers: Molecular Mechanism and Approaches for Combining Immunotherapy. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15051619"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114109","article-title":"Recent Advances in DDR (DNA Damage Response) Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy","volume":"230","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.currproblcancer.2017.05.002","article-title":"Targeting ATR in Cancer Medicine","volume":"41","author":"Sundar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.3390\/biom5042877","article-title":"ATM-Dependent Phosphorylation of All Three Members of the MRN Complex: From Sensor to Adaptor","volume":"5","author":"Lavin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carusillo, A., and Mussolino, C. (2020). DNA Damage: From Threat to Treatment. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071665"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2016.07.014","article-title":"O6 -Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT): A Drugable Target in Lung Cancer?","volume":"107","author":"Hiddinga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00558-5","article-title":"Targeting Replication Stress in Cancer Therapy","volume":"22","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2020.3","article-title":"DNA Damage Checkpoint Kinases in Cancer","volume":"22","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-380888-2.00003-0","article-title":"The ATM\u2013Chk2 and ATR\u2013Chk1 Pathways in DNA Damage Signaling and Cancer","volume":"108","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gusho, E., and Laimins, L. (2021). Human Papillomaviruses Target the DNA Damage Repair and Innate Immune Response Pathways to Allow for Persistent Infection. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071390"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hossain, M.A., Lin, Y., and Yan, S. (2018). Single-Strand Break End Resection in Genome Integrity: Mechanism and Regulation by APE2. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082389"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083430","article-title":"Sensing DNA Damage through ATRIP Recognition of RPA-ssDNA Complexes","volume":"300","author":"Zou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(00)00201-5","article-title":"DNA-PK, ATM and ATR as Sensors of DNA Damage: Variations on a Theme?","volume":"13","author":"Durocher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.67","article-title":"The Essential Kinase ATR: Ensuring Faithful Duplication of a Challenging Genome","volume":"18","author":"Saldivar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-20-0651","article-title":"Exploiting Replication Stress as a Novel Therapeutic Intervention","volume":"19","author":"Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-018-0034-3","article-title":"Targeting ATR in Cancer","volume":"18","author":"Lecona","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2013.03.002","article-title":"Targeting ATR in DNA Damage Response and Cancer Therapeutics","volume":"40","author":"Fokas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.035105","article-title":"ATR Signaling at a Glance","volume":"122","author":"Shiotani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1337","article-title":"ATM- and Cell Cycle-Dependent Regulation of ATR in Response to DNA Double-Strand Breaks","volume":"8","author":"Jazayeri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9346","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M513265200","article-title":"Rapid Activation of ATR by Ionizing Radiation Requires ATM and Mre11","volume":"281","author":"Myers","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1599","article-title":"Roles of ATM and NBS1 in Chromatin Structure Modulation and DNA Double-Strand Break Repair","volume":"9","author":"Berkovich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03442","article-title":"Conserved Modes of Recruitment of ATM, ATR and DNA-PKcs to Sites of DNA Damage","volume":"434","author":"Falck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1200304","article-title":"Phosphorylation of SMC1 Is a Critical Downstream Event in the ATM\u2013NBS1\u2013BRCA1 Pathway","volume":"18","author":"Kitagawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes. Dev."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7741","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210872","article-title":"Activation and Regulation of ATM Kinase Activity in Response to DNA Double-Strand Breaks","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1651","article-title":"Rapid Activation of ATM on DNA Flanking Double-Strand Breaks","volume":"9","author":"You","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thada, V., and Cortez, D. (2021). ATR Activation Is Regulated by Dimerization of ATR Activating Proteins. J. Biol. Chem., 296.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.100455"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1522607","article-title":"The Structural Determinants of Checkpoint Activation","volume":"21","author":"MacDougall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes. Dev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1547007","article-title":"The Rad9\u2013Hus1\u2013Rad1 (9\u20131\u20131) Clamp Activates Checkpoint Signaling via TopBP1","volume":"21","author":"Delacroix","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4780","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-0479","article-title":"Molecular Pathways: Targeting ATR in Cancer Therapy","volume":"21","author":"Karnitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3422","article-title":"Activation of the ATR Kinase by the RPA-Binding Protein ETAA1","volume":"18","author":"Haahr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201810058","article-title":"Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Reveals Mitotic Function of the ATR Activator ETAA1","volume":"218","author":"Bass","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(02)02380-2","article-title":"Checking on the Fork: The DNA-Replication Stress-Response Pathway","volume":"12","author":"Osborn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2006.02.003","article-title":"The When and Wheres of CDC25 Phosphatases","volume":"18","author":"Boutros","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2006.04.002","article-title":"Cdc25: Mechanisms of Checkpoint Inhibition and Recovery","volume":"16","author":"Millar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1102-991","article-title":"Cancer Immunoediting: From Immunosurveillance to Tumor Escape","volume":"3","author":"Dunn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"187","article-title":"Combinatorial Strategies for the Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death","volume":"6","author":"Bezu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.107","article-title":"Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer and Infectious Disease","volume":"17","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3921","article-title":"STING: Infection, Inflammation and Cancer","volume":"15","author":"Barber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605465","article-title":"Pre-Treatment with Chemotherapy Can Enhance the Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of Tumours by Promoting Adaptive Immune Responses","volume":"102","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.08.011","article-title":"DNA Damage Triggers a Chronic Autoinflammatory Response, Leading to Fat Depletion in NER Progeria","volume":"18","author":"Karakasilioti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.05.083","article-title":"The PARP1 Inhibitor BMN 673 Exhibits Immunoregulatory Effects in a Brca1 \u2212\/\u2212 Murine Model of Ovarian Cancer","volume":"463","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-15-0044","article-title":"CTLA-4 Blockade Synergizes Therapeutically with PARP Inhibition in BRCA1-Deficient Ovarian Cancer","volume":"3","author":"Higuchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2015.00094","article-title":"DDR-Mediated Crosstalk between DNA-Damaged Cells and Their Microenvironment","volume":"6","author":"Malaquin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-009-0671-1","article-title":"Treg Depletion with a Low-Dose Metronomic Temozolomide Regimen in a Rat Glioma Model","volume":"58","author":"Banissi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-3690","article-title":"5-Fluorouracil Selectively Kills Tumor-Associated Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Resulting in Enhanced T Cell\u2013Dependent Antitumor Immunity","volume":"70","author":"Vincent","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20090","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20090","article-title":"Expression of Programmed Death Ligand-1 on Tumor Cells Varies Pre and Post Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"6","author":"Sheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R48","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr2605","article-title":"RDesoeaxrcoh Arrtuiclbe Icin Downregulates Cell Surface B7-H1 Expression and Upregulates Its Nuclear Expression in Breast Cancer Cells: Role of B7-H1 as an Anti-Apoptotic Molecule","volume":"12","author":"Ghebeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa1348","article-title":"Mutational Landscape Determines Sensitivity to PD-1 Blockade in Non\u2013Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"348","author":"Rizvi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2018.09.008","article-title":"Association of Tumor Mutational Burden with DNA Repair Mutations and Response to Anti\u2013PD-1\/PD-L1 Therapy in Non\u2013Small-Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"20","author":"Chae","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13587","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7277","article-title":"Association and Prognostic Significance of BRCA1\/2-Mutation Status with Neoantigen Load, Number of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Expression of PD-1\/PD-L1 in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer","volume":"7","author":"Strickland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.01.012","article-title":"DNA Damage Primes the Type I Interferon System via the Cytosolic DNA Sensor STING to Promote Anti-Microbial Innate Immunity","volume":"42","author":"Erttmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23449","article-title":"cGAS Surveillance of Micronuclei Links Genome Instability to Innate Immunity","volume":"548","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.289769.116","article-title":"A Prosurvival DNA Damage-Induced Cytoplasmic Interferon Response Is Mediated by End Resection Factors and Is Limited by Trex1","volume":"31","author":"Erdal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23470","article-title":"Mitotic Progression Following DNA Damage Enables Pattern Recognition within Micronuclei","volume":"548","author":"Harding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3960","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddx283","article-title":"Absence of RNase H2 Triggers Generation of Immunogenic Micronuclei Removed by Autophagy","volume":"26","author":"Bartsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaat8657","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat8657","article-title":"cGAS in Action: Expanding Roles in Immunity and Inflammation","volume":"363","author":"Ablasser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08476","article-title":"STING Regulates Intracellular DNA-Mediated, Type I Interferon-Dependent Innate Immunity","volume":"461","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2013.10.011","article-title":"Taking the STING out of Cytosolic DNA Sensing","volume":"35","author":"Diner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi18-0052","article-title":"The cGAS-cGAMP-STING Pathway: A Molecular Link between Immunity and Metabolism","volume":"68","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.10.019","article-title":"Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is Activated by Double-Stranded DNA-Induced Oligomerization","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.01.003","article-title":"The Cytosolic DNA Sensor cGAS Forms an Oligomeric Complex with DNA and Undergoes Switch-like Conformational Changes in the Activation Loop","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.348314.121","article-title":"Interfaces between Cellular Responses to DNA Damage and Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"35","author":"Pilger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes. Dev."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0117-0","article-title":"DNA-Stimulated Cell Death: Implications for Host Defence, Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Paludan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5166","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6166","article-title":"Inflammation-Driven Carcinogenesis Is Mediated through STING","volume":"5","author":"Ahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-19-0761","article-title":"The Cytosolic DNA-Sensing cGAS\u2013STING Pathway in Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109412","article-title":"Cell-Autonomous Inflammation of BRCA1-Deficient Ovarian Cancers Drives Both Tumor-Intrinsic Immunoreactivity and Immune Resistance via STING","volume":"36","author":"Bruand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00156","article-title":"Novel Approaches to Improve the Efficacy of Immuno-Radiotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Shevtsov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170157","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170157","article-title":"Combining Radiotherapy with Immunotherapy: The Past, the Present and the Future","volume":"90","author":"Marcus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2019.06.004","article-title":"Combined PARP and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Ovarian Cancer","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042320-025136","article-title":"A Tale of Two Checkpoints: ATR Inhibition and PD-(L)1 Blockade","volume":"73","author":"Ngoi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"djw199","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djw199","article-title":"Activation of STING-Dependent Innate Immune Signaling By S-Phase-Specific DNA Damage in Breast Cancer","volume":"109","author":"Parkes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI123319","article-title":"PARP Inhibition Enhances Tumor Cell\u2013Intrinsic Immunity in ERCC1-Deficient Non\u2013Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"129","author":"Chabanon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12573","article-title":"Premature Mitotic Entry Induced by ATR Inhibition Potentiates Olaparib Inhibition-mediated Genomic Instability, Inflammatory Signaling, and Cytotoxicity in BRCA2-deficient Cancer Cells","volume":"13","author":"Schoonen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2017.08.007","article-title":"cGAS Conducts Micronuclei DNA Surveillance","volume":"27","author":"Kranzusch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/geq052","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Micronucleus, Nucleoplasmic Bridge and Nuclear Bud Formation in Mammalian and Human Cells","volume":"26","author":"Fenech","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.06.007","article-title":"Catastrophic Nuclear Envelope Collapse in Cancer Cell Micronuclei","volume":"154","author":"Hatch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24050","article-title":"Cytoplasmic Chromatin Triggers Inflammation in Senescence and Cancer","volume":"550","author":"Dou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3586","article-title":"Innate Immune Sensing of Cytosolic Chromatin Fragments through cGAS Promotes Senescence","volume":"19","author":"Guey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4612","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705499114","article-title":"cGAS Is Essential for Cellular Senescence","volume":"114","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4507","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15747","article-title":"Targeting DNA Damage Response Pathways to Activate the STING Innate Immune Signaling Pathway in Human Cancer Cells","volume":"288","author":"Wayne","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kakoti, S., Sato, H., Laskar, S., Yasuhara, T., and Shibata, A. (2020). DNA Repair and Signaling in Immune-Related Cancer Therapy. Front. Mol. Biosci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.00205"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"PO-085","DOI":"10.1158\/1557-3265.AACRAHNS23-PO-085","article-title":"Abstract PO-085: Inhibition of ATR as a Therapeutic Strategy to Enhance Immunotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer","volume":"29","author":"Osman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3926","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI96519","article-title":"ATR Kinase Inhibitor AZD6738 Potentiates CD8+ T Cell\u2013Dependent Antitumor Activity Following Radiation","volume":"128","author":"Vendetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3392","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1821","article-title":"ATR Inhibition Potentiates the Radiation-Induced Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"25","author":"Dillon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000340","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2019-000340","article-title":"ATR Inhibitor AZD6738 Enhances the Antitumor Activity of Radiotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors by Potentiating the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Sheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.03.006","article-title":"A Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Identifies CDC25A as a Determinant of Sensitivity to ATR Inhibitors","volume":"62","author":"Ruiz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dok, R., Glorieux, M., Bamps, M., and Nuyts, S. (2021). Effect of ATR Inhibition in RT Response of HPV-Negative and HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancers. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041504"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4344","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-020-1300-x","article-title":"Combination of CHEK1\/2 Inhibition and Ionizing Radiation Results in Abscopal Tumor Response through Increased Micronuclei Formation","volume":"39","author":"Chao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01883-9","article-title":"DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Pathway Regulates PD-L1 Expression in Cancer Cells","volume":"8","author":"Sato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_96","first-page":"1307","article-title":"Inhibition of ATR Downregulates PD-L1 and Sensitizes Tumor Cells to T Cell-Mediated Killing","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.07.029","article-title":"Distinct but Concerted Roles of ATR, DNA-PK, and Chk1 in Countering Replication Stress during S Phase","volume":"59","author":"Buisson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12412","article-title":"Combining Radiation and the ATR Inhibitor Berzosertib Activates STING Signaling and Enhances Immunotherapy via Inhibiting SHP1 Function in Colorectal Cancer","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Commun."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-021-00386-6","article-title":"Targeting the DNA Damage Response in Immuno-Oncology: Developments and Opportunities","volume":"21","author":"Chabanon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-08-1135","article-title":"Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-Related Kinase Contributes to Cell Cycle Arrest and Survival after Cisplatin but Not Oxaliplatin","volume":"8","author":"Lewis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3874","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-0875","article-title":"Targeting the DNA Damage Response Pathways and Replication Stress in Colorectal Cancer","volume":"28","author":"Durinikova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.573","article-title":"Selective Killing of ATM- or P53-Deficient Cancer Cells through Inhibition of ATR","volume":"7","author":"Reaper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-14-0240","article-title":"A Synthetic Lethal Screen Reveals Enhanced Sensitivity to ATR Inhibitor Treatment in Mantle Cell Lymphoma with ATM Loss-of-Function","volume":"13","author":"Menezes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20220681","article-title":"Targeting the DNA Damage Response for Cancer Therapy","volume":"51","author":"Curtin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44289","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6247","article-title":"The Orally Active and Bioavailable ATR Kinase Inhibitor AZD6738 Potentiates the Anti-Tumor Effects of Cisplatin to Resolve ATM-Deficient Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer In Vivo","volume":"6","author":"Vendetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2013.10.019","article-title":"Replication Stress and Chromatin Context Link ATM Activation to a Role in DNA Replication","volume":"52","author":"Olcina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1140735","article-title":"An Oncogene-Induced DNA Damage Model for Cancer Development","volume":"319","author":"Halazonetis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9693","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-2286","article-title":"Combining ATR Suppression with Oncogenic Ras Synergistically Increases Genomic Instability, Causing Synthetic Lethality or Tumorigenesis in a Dosage-Dependent Manner","volume":"70","author":"Gilad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2189","article-title":"Exploiting Oncogene-Induced Replicative Stress for the Selective Killing of Myc-Driven Tumors","volume":"18","author":"Murga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58928","article-title":"Oncogenic Stress Sensitizes Murine Cancers to Hypomorphic Suppression of ATR","volume":"122","author":"Schoppy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2076","article-title":"A Cell-Based Screen Identifies ATR Inhibitors with Synthetic Lethal Properties for Cancer-Associated Mutations","volume":"18","author":"Toledo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.351084.123","article-title":"ATR Inhibition Induces Synthetic Lethality in Mismatch Repair-Deficient Cells and Augments Immunotherapy","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes. Dev."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.351085.123","article-title":"Comprehensive Mapping of Cell Fates in Microsatellite Unstable Cancer Cells Supports Dual Targeting of WRN and ATR","volume":"37","author":"Zong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes. Dev."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999626","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.999626","article-title":"Selective Vulnerability of ARID1A Deficient Colon Cancer Cells to Combined Radiation and ATR-Inhibitor Therapy","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2021.102287","article-title":"Targeting ARID1A Mutations in Cancer","volume":"100","author":"Mullen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2018.07.005","article-title":"ARID1A Mutant Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma: A Clear Target for Synthetic Lethal Strategies","volume":"1870","author":"Caumanns","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30373","article-title":"Anti-tumor Activity of the ATR Inhibitor AZD6738 in HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"140","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2022.10.016","article-title":"ATR Inhibition in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Leibrandt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Genitourin. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5674","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.2158","article-title":"Potentiation of Tumor Responses to DNA Damaging Therapy by the Selective ATR Inhibitor VX-970","volume":"5","author":"Hall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hur, J., Ghosh, M., Kim, T.H., Park, N., Pandey, K., Cho, Y.B., Hong, S.D., Katuwal, N.B., Kang, M., and An, H.J. (2021). Synergism of AZD6738, an ATR Inhibitor, in Combination with Belotecan, a Camptothecin Analogue, in Chemotherapy-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031223"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-18-0010","article-title":"The ATR Inhibitor AZD6738 Synergizes with Gemcitabine In Vitro and In Vivo to Induce Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Regression","volume":"17","author":"Wallez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5298","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2022-5298","article-title":"Abstract 5298: Activity and Tolerability of Combinations of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (T-DXd) with Inhibitors of the DNA Damage Response in Preclinical Models","volume":"82","author":"Wallez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P2-26-09","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.SABCS22-P2-26-09","article-title":"Abstract P2-26-09: Synergistic Activity of PI3K Inhibitor in Combination with AZD6738, ATR Inhibitor in Breast Cancer Preclinical Model via DNA Damage Response Pathway","volume":"83","author":"Moon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.4048\/jbc.2019.22.e39","article-title":"Druggable Molecular Targets for the Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer","volume":"22","author":"Nakhjavani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4869","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-020-1328-y","article-title":"Combined PARP and ATR Inhibition Potentiates Genome Instability and Cell Death in ATM-Deficient Cancer Cells","volume":"39","author":"Lloyd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-21-2997","article-title":"ATR Inhibitor AZD6738 (Ceralasertib) Exerts Antitumor Activity as a Monotherapy and in Combination with Chemotherapy and the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib","volume":"82","author":"Wilson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-20-0365","article-title":"Combinatorial Efficacy of Olaparib with Radiation and ATR Inhibitor Requires PARP1 Protein in Homologous Recombination\u2013Proficient Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"20","author":"Parsels","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e165615","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.165615","article-title":"The Schedule of ATR Inhibitor AZD6738 Can Potentiate or Abolish Antitumor Immune Responses to Radiotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Vendetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-13-0136","article-title":"Contribution of ATM and ATR to the Resistance of Glioblastoma and Malignant Melanoma Cells to the Methylating Anticancer Drug Temozolomide","volume":"12","author":"Eich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5326","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02915-2","article-title":"The DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Glioma: Molecular Players and Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"59","author":"Maksoud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"PS11-18","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.SABCS20-PS11-18","article-title":"Abstract PS11-18: Ceralasertib (Cer) in Combination with Olaparib (Ola) in Patients (Pts) with Advanced Breast Cancer (BC): Results of Phase I Expansion Cohorts","volume":"81","author":"Dean","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.03.180","article-title":"VIOLETTE: Randomised Phase II Study of Olaparib (Ola) plus Ceralasertib (Cer) or Adavosertib (Ada) vs Ola Alone in Patients (Pts) with Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (mTNBC)","volume":"33","author":"Tutt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4751","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-23-1696","article-title":"Olaparib and Ceralasertib (AZD6738) in Patients with Triple-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: Results from Cohort E of the plasmaMATCH Trial (CRUK\/15\/010)","volume":"29","author":"Ring","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.01.299","article-title":"OA07.08 HUDSON: An Open-Label, Multi-Drug, Biomarker-Directed, Phase II Platform Study in Patients with NSCLC, Who Progressed on Anti-PD(L)1 Therapy","volume":"16","author":"Besse","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8562","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.8562","article-title":"The Clinical Efficacy of Olaparib Monotherapy or Combination with Ceralasertib (AZD6738) in Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"39","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.20.00439","article-title":"Ceralasertib-Mediated ATR Inhibition Combined with Olaparib in Advanced Cancers Harboring DNA Damage Response and Repair Alterations (Olaparib Combinations)","volume":"5","author":"Mahdi","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCO Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5516","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.5516","article-title":"Combination of PARP and ATR Inhibitors (Olaparib and Ceralasertib) Shows Clinical Activity in Acquired PARP Inhibitor-Resistant Recurrent Ovarian Cancer","volume":"39","author":"Wethington","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2021.08.024","article-title":"Combination ATR and PARP Inhibitor (CAPRI): A Phase 2 Study of Ceralasertib plus Olaparib in Patients with Recurrent, Platinum-Resistant Epithelial Ovarian Cancer","volume":"163","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2023.100814","article-title":"34O ATR Inhibitor Alone (Ceralasertib) or in Combination with Olaparib in Gynaecological Cancers with ARID1A Loss or No Loss: Results from the ENGOT\/GYN1\/NCRI ATARI Trial","volume":"8","author":"Banerjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e175369","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI175369","article-title":"Durable Responses to ATR Inhibition with Ceralasertib in Tumors with Genomic Defects and High Inflammation","volume":"134","author":"Dillon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.08.1034","article-title":"512O Interim Results from a Phase II Study of the ATR Inhibitor Ceralasertib in ARID1A-Deficient and ARID1A-Intact Advanced Solid Tumor Malignancies","volume":"32","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005041","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005041","article-title":"Phase II Study of Ceralasertib (AZD6738) in Combination with Durvalumab in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Kwon","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.10.009","article-title":"Phase II Study of Ceralasertib (AZD6738) in Combination with Durvalumab in Patients with Advanced\/Metastatic Melanoma Who Have Failed Prior Anti-PD-1 Therapy","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol. Off. J. Eur. Soc. Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.3503","article-title":"Results from a Phase I, Open-Label Study of Ceralasertib (AZD6738), a Novel DNA Damage Repair Agent, in Combination with Weekly Paclitaxel in Refractory Cancer (NCT02630199)","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/5\/2767\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:05:57Z","timestamp":1760105157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/5\/2767"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"references-count":144,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25052767"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25052767","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]}}}