{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T09:43:51Z","timestamp":1772271831754,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a disease characterised by the inflammation of the nasal and paranasal cavities. It is a widespread condition with considerable morbidity for patients. Current treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis consists of appropriate medical therapy followed by surgery in medically resistant patients. Although oral steroids are effective, they are associated with significant morbidity, and disease recurrence is common when discontinued. The development of additional steroid sparing therapies is therefore needed. Mesalazine is a commonly used therapeutic in inflammatory bowel disease, which shares a similar disease profile with chronic rhinosinusitis. This exploratory in vitro study aims to investigate whether mesalazine could be repurposed to a nasal wash, which is safe on human nasoepithelial cells, and retains its anti-inflammatory effects. CRS patients\u2019 human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) were collected. HNECs were grown at an air-liquid interface (ALIs) and in a monolayer and challenged with mesalazine or a non-medicated control. Transepithelial electrical resistance, paracellular permeability, and toxicity were measured to assess epithelial integrity and safety. The anti-inflammatory effects of mesalazine on the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) were analysed using human leukemia monocytic cell line (THP-1). mesalazine did not impact the barrier function of HNEC-ALIs and was not toxic when applied to HNECs or THP-1 cells at concentrations up to 20 mM. mesalazine at 0.5 and 1 mM concentrations significantly inhibited TNF-\u03b1 release by THP-1 cells. mesalazine effectively decreases TNF-\u03b1 secretion from THP-1 cells, indicating the possibility of its anti-inflammatory properties. The safety profile of mesalazine at doses up to 20 mM suggests that it is safe when applied topically on HNECs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T06:14:22Z","timestamp":1709100862000},"page":"2796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An In Vitro Study Evaluating the Safety of Mesalazine on Human Nasoepithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"William","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide 5011, Australia"},{"name":"The Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2890-3247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sha","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide 5011, Australia"},{"name":"The Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shari","family":"Javadiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide 5011, Australia"},{"name":"The Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erich","family":"Vyskocil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide 5011, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5489-4650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sholeh","family":"Feizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide 5011, Australia"},{"name":"The Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Callejas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 8320165, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter-John","family":"Wormald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide 5011, Australia"},{"name":"The Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Vreugde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide 5011, Australia"},{"name":"The Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alkis J.","family":"Psaltis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide 5011, Australia"},{"name":"The Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1053\/hn.2003.v128.amhn0312811","article-title":"Adult Chronic 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Methods"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/5\/2796\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:06:21Z","timestamp":1760105181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/5\/2796"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25052796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25052796","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]}}}