{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T18:15:14Z","timestamp":1765995314950,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ri.MED Foundation funds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe complication in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and is commonly treated with broad spectrum antibiotics. However, the rise of antibiotic resistance requires alternative therapeutic strategies. As recently shown, human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hA-MSCs) are able, in vitro, to promote bacterial clearance and modulate the immune and inflammatory response in SBP. Our results highlight the upregulation of FOXO1, CXCL5, CXCL6, CCL20, and MAPK13 in hA-MSCs as well as the promotion of bacterial clearance, prompting a shift in the immune response toward a Th17 lymphocyte phenotype after 72 h treatment. In this study, we used an in vitro SBP model and employed omics techniques (next-generation sequencing) to investigate the mechanisms by which hA-MSCs modify the crosstalk between immune cells in LPS-stimulated ascitic fluid. We also validated the data obtained via qRT-PCR, cytofluorimetric analysis, and Luminex assay. These findings provide further support to the hope of using hA-MSCs for the prevention and treatment of infective diseases, such as SBP, offering a viable alternative to antibiotic therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T09:26:17Z","timestamp":1709112377000},"page":"2801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Human Amniotic MSC Response in LPS-Stimulated Ascites from Patients with Cirrhosis: FOXO1 Gene and Th17 Activation in Enhanced Antibacterial Activation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6076-6831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariangela","family":"Pampalone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ri.MED Foundation, 90127 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2790-7257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Cuscino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7710-4735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gioacchin","family":"Iannolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6957-9861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giandomenico","family":"Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ri.MED Foundation, 90127 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camillo","family":"Ricordi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Transplant Center, Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giampiero","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ri.MED Foundation, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0305-1781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Carcione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ri.MED Foundation, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Castelbuono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7300-6153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone Dario","family":"Scilabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ri.MED Foundation, 90127 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5962-8642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Coronnello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ri.MED Foundation, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9684-8035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Gruttadauria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for the Treatment and Study of Abdominal Disease and Abdominal Transplantation, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), UPMCI (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Italy), 90127 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giada","family":"Pietrosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for the Treatment and Study of Abdominal Disease and Abdominal Transplantation, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), UPMCI (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Italy), 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"CD013125","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with liver cirrhosis: A network meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Komolafe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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