{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:24:33Z","timestamp":1790623473990,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glaucoma, a complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Despite significant advancements in our understanding of its pathogenesis and management, early diagnosis and effective treatment of glaucoma remain major clinical challenges. Epigenetic modifications, encompassing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression and cellular processes. The aim of this comprehensive review focuses on the emerging field of epigenetics and its role in understanding the complex genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying glaucoma. The review will provide an overview of the pathophysiology of glaucoma, emphasizing the intricacies of intraocular pressure regulation, retinal ganglion cell dysfunction, and optic nerve damage. It explores how epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, can influence gene expression, and how these mechanisms are implicated in glaucomatous neurodegeneration and contribute to glaucoma pathogenesis. The manuscript discusses evidence from both animal models and human studies, providing insights into the epigenetic alterations associated with glaucoma onset and progression. Additionally, it discusses the potential of using epigenetic modifications as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for more personalized and targeted glaucoma treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T05:59:19Z","timestamp":1709186359000},"page":"2822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Exploring Epigenetic Modifications as Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Tonti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, 00142 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7663-8874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Dell\u2019Omo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \u201cVincenzo Tiberio\u201d, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1950-0200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariaelena","family":"Filippelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \u201cVincenzo Tiberio\u201d, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1190-3956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leopoldo","family":"Spadea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, 00142 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Salati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8424-0068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Gagliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna \u201cKore\u201d, Piazza dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, 94100 Enna, Italy"},{"name":"Eye Clinic, Catania University, San Marco Hospital, Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, 95121 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7486-8361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mutali","family":"Musa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City 300238, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0999-5545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Zeppieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2017). European Glaucoma Society Terminology and Guidelines for Glaucoma, 4th Edition\u2014Chapter 2: Classification and terminology Supported by the EGS Foundation: Part 1: Foreword; Introduction; Glossary; Chapter 2 Classification and Terminology. Br. J. Ophthalmol., 101, 73\u2013127.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-EGSguideline.002"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e371","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp16X685165","article-title":"Glaucoma: The patient\u2019s perspective","volume":"6","author":"Imrie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Gen. Pract."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2018.05.003","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of glaucoma in an adult population from Shahroud, Iran","volume":"31","author":"Hashemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Curr. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2016.02.003","article-title":"Glaucoma history and risk factors","volume":"10","author":"McMonnies","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Optom."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2015.05.004","article-title":"Natural compounds and retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection","volume":"220","author":"Morrone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"73","article-title":"Neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in glaucoma","volume":"89","author":"Gauthier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.10.1268","article-title":"Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial Group. Reduction of intraocular pressure and glaucoma progression: Results from the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial","volume":"120","author":"Heijl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9483e","article-title":"The cell and molecular biology of complex forms of glaucoma: Updates on genetic, environmental, and epigenetic risk factors","volume":"53","author":"Wiggs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01093-8","article-title":"A systematic review, meta-analysis, and network analysis of diagnostic microRNAs in glaucoma","volume":"28","author":"Rezaei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.12.1640","article-title":"Genetic risk of primary open-angle glaucoma: Population-based familial aggregation study","volume":"116","author":"Wolfs","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2010.09.018","article-title":"Using the Utah Population Database to assess familial risk of primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.79.2.137","article-title":"Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types: Induction of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III","volume":"79","author":"Avery","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.83.2.89","article-title":"Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types: II. Effect of desoxyribonuclease on the biological activity of the transforming substance","volume":"83","author":"McCarty","year":"1946","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.112","article-title":"DNA methylation and its basic function","volume":"38","author":"Moore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, L., Wang, C., Zhang, C., Zhang, W., and Song, W. (2023). Role of epigenetic regulation in glaucoma. Biomed. Pharmacother., 168.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115633"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI146915","article-title":"Dual role of allele-specific DNA hypermethylation within the TERT promoter in cancer","volume":"131","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rauluseviciute, I., Drabl\u00f8s, F., and Rye, M.B. (2020). DNA hypermethylation associated with upregulated gene expression in prostate cancer demonstrates the diversity of epigenetic regulation. BMC Med. Genom., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-020-0657-6"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.2174\/1570180819666220520124511","article-title":"Noncoding RNA databases","volume":"24","author":"Allmer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1248\/yakushi.20-00002","article-title":"Non-coding Natural Antisense RNA: Mechanisms of Action in the Regulation of Target Gene Expression and Its Clinical Implications","volume":"140","author":"Kimura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Yakugaku Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaur, G., Rathod, S.S.S., Ghoneim, M.M., Alshehri, S., Ahmad, J., Mishra, A., and Alhakamy, N.A. (2022). DNA Methylation: A Promising Approach in Management of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biology, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11010090"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e834","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000453","article-title":"Increased Global DNA Methylation and Decreased TGF\u03b21 Promoter Methylation in Glaucomatous Lamina Cribrosa Cells","volume":"25","author":"McDonnell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDonnell, F., Irnaten, M., Clark, A.F., O\u2019Brien, C.J., and Wallace, D.M. (2016). Hypoxia-Induced Changes in DNA Methylation Alter RASAL1 and TGFbeta1 Expression in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153354"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roodnat, A.W., Callaghan, B., Doyle, C., Henry, M., Goljanek-Whysall, K., Simpson, D.A., Sheridan, C., Atkinson, S.D., and Willoughby, C.E. (2022). Genome-Wide RNA Sequencing of Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells Treated with TGF-beta1: Relevance to Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12111693"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-02117-4","article-title":"The miR-204-5p\/FOXC1\/GDF7 axis regulates the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells via the AKT and p38 signalling pathways","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem. Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119537","article-title":"Ectopic induction of tendon and ligament in rats by growth and differentiation factors 5, 6, and 7, members of the TGF-beta gene family","volume":"100","author":"Wolfman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.12.030","article-title":"TET-dependent GDF7 hypomethylation impairs aqueous humor outflow and serves as a potential therapeutic target in glaucoma","volume":"29","author":"Wan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"483","article-title":"Differential DNA methylation patterns in human Schlemm\u2019s canal endothelial cells with glaucoma","volume":"26","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-018-0259-4","article-title":"Histone modifications and their role in epigenetics of atopy and allergic diseases","volume":"14","author":"Khalaila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.11.006","article-title":"Histone lysine methylation dynamics: Establishment, regulation, and biological impact","volume":"48","author":"Black","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09784","article-title":"The Polycomb complex PRC2 and its mark in life","volume":"469","author":"Margueron","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0349-8","article-title":"DZNep inhibits H3K27me3 deposition and delays retinal degeneration in the rd1 mice","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108785","article-title":"DZNep protects against retinal ganglion cell death in an NMDA-induced mouse model of retinal degeneration","volume":"212","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-11-0507","article-title":"TGF-beta1 induces endothelial cell apoptosis by shifting VEGF activation of p38(MAPK) from the prosurvival p38beta to proapoptotic p38alpha","volume":"10","author":"Ferrari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9628","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902731RR","article-title":"Neuronal deficiency of p38alpha-MAPK ameliorates symptoms and pathology of APP or Tau-transgenic Alzheimer\u2019s mouse models","volume":"34","author":"Schnoder","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2014.11.010","article-title":"Attenuation of mitochondrial and nuclear p38alpha signaling: A novel mechanism of estrogen neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia","volume":"400","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6461","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19494","article-title":"Potential Neuroprotective Effects of an LSD1 Inhibitor in Retinal Ganglion Cells via p38 MAPK Activity","volume":"57","author":"Tsutsumi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3698","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs16-19446","article-title":"HDAC Inhibitor-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation of Glaucoma-Associated TGFbeta2 in the Trabecular Meshwork","volume":"57","author":"Bermudez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119504","article-title":"Epigenetic modulation and understanding of HDAC inhibitors in cancer therapy","volume":"277","author":"Ramaiah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8018","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-01658-x","article-title":"Histone Deacetylases Contribute to Excitotoxicity-Triggered Degeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo","volume":"56","author":"Schluter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2022.136978","article-title":"Isozyme-specific histone deacetylase 1\/2 inhibitor K560 attenuates oxidative stress-induced retinal cell death","volume":"793","author":"Tawarayama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"17","article-title":"Sigma-1R Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells in Optic Nerve Crush Model for Glaucoma","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.130093","article-title":"Mechanisms of secondary degeneration after partial optic nerve transection","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neural. Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-9-39","article-title":"Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) plays an important role in retinal ganglion cell death after acute optic nerve injury","volume":"9","author":"Schmitt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108571","article-title":"Commonalities of optic nerve injury and glaucoma-induced neurodegeneration: Insights from transcriptome-wide studies","volume":"207","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, Y., Suga, A., Kimura, I., Kimura, C., Minegishi, Y., Nakayama, M., Yoshitake, K., Iejima, D., Minematsu, N., and Yamamoto, M. (2022). METTL23 mutation alters histone H3R17 methylation in normal-tension glaucoma. J. Clin. Investig., 132.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI153589"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11233","article-title":"Landscape of transcription in human cells","volume":"489","author":"Djebali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2016.5236","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs as regulators in epigenetics (Review)","volume":"37","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-020-01159-9","article-title":"Epigenetic modulations of noncoding RNA: A novel dimension of Cancer biology","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.12.011","article-title":"Potential Biomarkers for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Identified by Long Noncoding RNA Profiling in the Aqueous Humor","volume":"189","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.5.2","article-title":"Expression of mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells Upon Mechanical Stretch","volume":"61","author":"Youngblood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2019.056","article-title":"Silencing of GAS5 Alleviates Glaucoma in Rat Models by Reducing Retinal Ganglion Cell Apoptosis","volume":"30","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Gene. Ther."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Ye, Z., and Li, Z. (2022). Identification of the potential biological target molecules related to primary open-angle glaucoma. BMC Ophthalmol., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02368-0"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Yu, T., Zhang, X., Cai, X., and Sun, H. (2021). Network Integration Analysis and Immune Infiltration Analysis Reveal Potential Biomarkers for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.793638"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, S., Tam, A.L.C., Campbell, R., and Renwick, N. (2022). Emerging Evidence of Noncoding RNAs in Bleb Scarring after Glaucoma Filtration Surgery. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11081301"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-5630","article-title":"Acteoside attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced injury of retinal ganglion cells via the CASC2\/miR-155\/mTOR axis","volume":"10","author":"Xi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108915","article-title":"Construction and analysis of mRNA, lncRNA, and transcription factor regulatory networks after retinal ganglion cell injury","volume":"215","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, Z., Wen, Y., Jiang, N., Li, Z., Guan, J., Zhang, Y., Deng, C., Zhao, L., Zheng, S.G., and Zhu, Y. (2022). TNF-alpha stimulation enhances the neuroprotective effects of gingival MSCs derived exosomes in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury via the MEG3\/miR-21a-5p axis. Biomaterials, 284.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121484"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-022-01210-x","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs in retinal ganglion cell apoptosis","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13348","article-title":"Potential role of the methylation of VEGF gene promoter in response to hypoxia in oxygen-induced retinopathy: Beneficial effect of the absence of AQP4","volume":"22","author":"Pisani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahbash, M., Sella, R., Megiddo-Barnir, E., Nisgav, Y., Tarasenko, N., Weinberger, D., Rephaeli, A., and Livnat, T. (2019). The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor AN7, Attenuates Choroidal Neovascularization in a Mouse Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030714"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helotera, H., and Kaarniranta, K. (2022). A Linkage between Angiogenesis and Inflammation in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11213453"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-021-01926-3","article-title":"Long Non-coding RNA GAS5 Knockdown Attenuates H(2)O(2)-Induced Human Trabecular Meshwork Cell Apoptosis and Promotes Extracellular Matrix Deposition by Suppressing miR-29b-3p and Upregulating STAT3","volume":"72","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.05.003","article-title":"lncRNA TGFbeta2-AS1 promotes ECM production via TGF-beta2 in human trabecular meshwork cells","volume":"527","author":"Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15058","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA RP11-820 promotes extracellular matrix production via regulating miR-3178\/MYOD1 in human trabecular meshwork cells","volume":"287","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"3173","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA ANRIL down-regulates microRNA-7 to protect human trabecular meshwork cells in an experimental model for glaucoma","volume":"23","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2011.08089.x","article-title":"MicroRNAs and epigenetics","volume":"278","author":"Sato","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2016.91","article-title":"MicroRNAs in glaucoma and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"62","author":"Molasy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Human Genet."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dobrzycka, M., Sulewska, A., Biecek, P., Charkiewicz, R., Karabowicz, P., Charkiewicz, A., Golaszewska, K., Milewska, P., Michalska-Falkowska, A., and Nowak, K. (2023). miRNA Studies in Glaucoma: A Comprehensive Review of Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914699"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2022.05.008","article-title":"The essential role of N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation in complex eye diseases","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes Dis."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25784","article-title":"The SMAD2\/3 interactome reveals that TGFbeta controls m(6)A mRNA methylation in pluripotency","volume":"555","author":"Bertero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.262766.115","article-title":"RNA N6-methyladenosine methylation in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation","volume":"29","author":"Yue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8939","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.45178","article-title":"METTL14 aggravates endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis by increasing FOXO1 N6-methyladeosine modifications","volume":"10","author":"Jian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628841","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.628841","article-title":"The Alteration of M6A-Tagged Transcript Profiles in the Retina of Rats After Traumatic Optic Neuropathy","volume":"12","author":"Qu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.4155\/tde-2019-0075","article-title":"Targeting the NF-kappaB pathway for therapy of ischemic stroke","volume":"11","author":"Howell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther. Deliv."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.11.053","article-title":"Pathological axonal death through a MAPK cascade that triggers a local energy deficit","volume":"160","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.12.036","article-title":"Epitranscriptomic m(6)A Regulation of Axon Regeneration in the Adult Mammalian Nervous System","volume":"97","author":"Weng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901555R","article-title":"METTL3 regulates inflammatory pain by modulating m(6)A-dependent pri-miR-365-3p processing","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.10.025","article-title":"SIRT1 redistribution on chromatin promotes genomic stability but alters gene expression during aging","volume":"135","author":"Oberdoerffer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horvath, S. (2013). DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types. Genome Biol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-10-r115"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1940.02280080137008","article-title":"Relation of age to motor impairment in man and in subhuman primates","volume":"44","author":"Kennard","year":"1940","journal-title":"Arch. NeurPsych."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109473","article-title":"Critical role of transcriptome-wide m6A methylation in the aqueous humor of patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma","volume":"231","author":"Guan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H.Y., Ho, Y.J., Chou, H.C., Liao, E.C., Tsai, Y.T., Wei, Y.S., Lin, L.H., Lin, M.H., Wang, Y.S., and Ko, M.L. (2020). TGF-\u03b21 signaling protects retinal ganglion cells from oxidative stress via modulation of the HO-1\/Nrf2 pathway. Chem. Biol. Interact., 331.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2020.109249"},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"2364","article-title":"Reversal of aging-induced and glaucoma-induced vision loss by in vivo epigenetic reprogramming","volume":"61","author":"Ksander","year":"2020","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2975-4","article-title":"Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision","volume":"588","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_86","unstructured":"Sinclair, D.A., and LaPlante, M.D. (2019). Lifespan: Why We Age\u2014And Why We Don\u2019t Have to, Simon & Schuster Publishers."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x","article-title":"A mathematical theory of communication","volume":"27","author":"Shannon","year":"1948","journal-title":"Bell Syst. Tech. J."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.039","article-title":"The hallmarks of aging","volume":"153","author":"Blasco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.12.027","article-title":"Loss of epigenetic information as a cause of mammalian aging","volume":"186","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.04.033","article-title":"Elevating Growth Factor Responsiveness and Axon Regeneration by Modulating Presynaptic Inputs","volume":"103","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"e12877","article-title":"Partial reprogramming induces a steady decline in epigenetic age before loss of somatic identity","volume":"18","author":"Olova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15174-3","article-title":"Transient non-integrative expression of nuclear reprogramming factors promotes multifaceted amelioration of aging in human cells","volume":"11","author":"Sarkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.241745.118","article-title":"Ribosomal DNA harbors an evolutionarily conserved clock of biological aging","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.049","article-title":"Single-Cell Transcriptomes Reveal Diverse Regulatory Strategies for Olfactory Receptor Expression and Axon Targeting","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00537","article-title":"Histone deacetylases inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases, neuroprotection and neuronal differentiation","volume":"11","author":"Shukla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_96","first-page":"4354","article-title":"METTL23 mutation alters histone H3R17 methylation in normal-tension glaucoma","volume":"64","author":"Iwata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0151-1","article-title":"Roles and regulation of histone methylation in animal development","volume":"20","author":"Jambhekar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E18-02-0108","article-title":"The hnRNP RALY regulates PRMT1 expression and interacts with the ALS-linked protein FUS: Implication for reciprocal cellular localization","volume":"29","author":"Gasperini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mackay, D.S., Bennett, T.M., and Shiels, A. (2015). Exome sequencing identifies a missense variant in EFEMP1 co-segregating in a family with autosomal dominant primary open-angle glaucoma. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132529"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.08.088","article-title":"Histone H3 Methylated at Arginine 17 Is Essential for Reprogramming the Paternal Genome in Zygotes","volume":"20","author":"Hatanaka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20670-7","article-title":"The methyltransferase METTL9 mediates pervasive 1-methylhistidine modification in mammalian proteomes","volume":"12","author":"Davydova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11828","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68811-8","article-title":"Dual SMAD inhibition and Wnt inhibition enable efficient and reproducible differentiations of induced pluripotent stem cells into retinal ganglion cells","volume":"10","author":"Chavali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61503","article-title":"Further delineation of METTL23-associated intellectual disability","volume":"182","author":"Almannai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2020.103951","article-title":"Exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous METTL23 gene mutation leading to familial mild intellectual disability with dysmorphic features","volume":"63","author":"Smaili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, A., Miao, Z., Umair, M., Ullah, A., Alshabeeb, M.A., Bilal, M., Ahmad, F., Rappold, G.A., Ansar, M., and Carapito, R. (2020). Two Cases of Recessive Intellectual Disability Caused by NDST1 and METTL23 Variants. Genes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11091021"},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"6264","article-title":"Association of genetic variants in the TMCO1 gene with clinical parameters related to glaucoma and characterization of the protein in the eye","volume":"58","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33248-2","article-title":"Characterizing DNA methylation signatures of retinoblastoma using aqueous humor liquid biopsy","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"94","article-title":"Recent advances in the genetics of glaucoma","volume":"27","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin."},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"57","article-title":"Age-related eye disease and gender","volume":"131","author":"Zetterberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"85","article-title":"Glaucoma in the age of teleophthalmology","volume":"30","author":"Mathews","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin."},{"key":"ref_111","first-page":"1700048","article-title":"Role of proteomics in the study of glaucoma","volume":"11","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proteom. Clin. Appl."},{"key":"ref_112","first-page":"108195","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas as a tool to study glaucoma","volume":"199","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_113","first-page":"1419","article-title":"miR-27a ameliorates inflammatory damage to the blood\u2013brain barrier after traumatic brain injury in rats through the targeted downregulation of endothelial cell inflammation","volume":"36","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"e11167","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA in glaucoma: A potential resource for diagnostic and therapeutic targets","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ."},{"key":"ref_115","first-page":"185","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography for glaucoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Reus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6552","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv347","article-title":"Genetic variants and cellular stressors associated with exfoliation syndrome modulate promoter activity of a lncRNA within the LOXL1 locus","volume":"24","author":"Hauser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00232","article-title":"Nicotinamide and WLDS Act Together to Prevent Neurodegeneration in Glaucoma","volume":"11","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5703286","article-title":"Diagnostic ability of wide-field OCT angiography to evaluate glaucoma and predict progression","volume":"2020","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2018.09.019","article-title":"Loss of Shp2 Rescues BDNF\/TrkB Signaling and Contributes to Improved Retinal Ganglion Cell Neuroprotection","volume":"27","author":"Chitranshi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"332","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and optic disc measurements made by the RTVue XR, Cirrus HD-OCT, and iVue-100 spectral-domain optical coherence tomography devices for detecting glaucoma","volume":"30","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00285","article-title":"Genetic Control of Rod Bipolar Cell Number in the Mouse Retina","volume":"12","author":"Kautzman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_122","first-page":"140","article-title":"Recent advances in the genomics and epigenomics of glaucoma","volume":"97","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sem. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"52","article-title":"Deconvolution of wide-field spectral imaging data for measurement of retinal oxygen extraction in humans","volume":"34","author":"Hood","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1068428","article-title":"Amacrine-signaled loss of intrinsic axon growth ability by retinal ganglion cells","volume":"296","author":"Goldberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25392","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161025392","article-title":"Changes in regenerative capacity through lifespan","volume":"16","author":"Yun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_126","unstructured":"Waddington, C.H., and Kacser, H. (1957). The Strategy of the Genes: A Discussion of Some Aspects of Theoretical Biology, Allen & Unwin."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.07.050","article-title":"Epigenetic mechanisms of longevity and aging","volume":"166","author":"Sen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_128","unstructured":"Jae-Hyun, Y., Patrick, T.G., Daniel, L.V., John, K.A., Motoshi, H., Margarita, V.M., Elias, L.S., Qiao, S., Elizabeth, M.M., and Marco, B. (2019). Erosion of the Epigenetic Landscape and Loss of Cellular Identity as a Cause of Aging in Mammals. bioRxiv."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002419","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics in glaucoma therapeutics: The way to personalized therapy","volume":"136","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_130","first-page":"26","article-title":"Diagnostic ability of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness for glaucoma using 3D convolutional neural network-based automated segmentation","volume":"9","author":"Yun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trans. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"372","article-title":"An Update on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Glaucoma","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cueto, A.F.V., \u00c1lvarez, L., Garc\u00eda, M., \u00c1lvarez-Barrios, A., Artime, E., Cueto, L.F.V., Coca-Prados, M., and Gonz\u00e1lez-Iglesias, H. (2021). Candidate glaucoma biomarkers: From proteins to metabolites, and the pitfalls to clinical applications. Biology, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10080763"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.0980","article-title":"Occurrence of CYP1B1 Mutations in Juvenile Open-Angle Glaucoma With Advanced Visual Field Loss","volume":"133","author":"Souzeau","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2016.93","article-title":"Targeting the cancer epigenome for therapy","volume":"17","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hahn, A., Pensold, D., Bayer, C., Tittelmeier, J., Gonzalez-Bermudez, L., Marx-Blumel, L., Linde, J., Gross, J., Salinas-Riester, G., and Lingner, T. (2020). DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) Function Is Implicated in the Age-Related Loss of Cortical Interneurons. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00639"},{"key":"ref_136","first-page":"7089","article-title":"A small molecule antagonist of HDACs represses pathophysiology and promotes retinal ganglion cell survival in a mouse model of glaucoma","volume":"55","author":"Krishnan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_137","first-page":"454","article-title":"Intravitreal Injection of Valproic Acid Regulates Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival in a Mouse Model of Optic Nerve Crush","volume":"70","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Y., Xu, H., Li, Z., Zheng, X., Jia, X., Nie, Q., and Zhang, X. (2013). Comparison of the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles between fast-growing and slow-growing broilers. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056411"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3064","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI43085","article-title":"Glaucoma: Genes, phenotypes, and new directions for therapy","volume":"120","author":"Fan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21R","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000203565.76028.2a","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of stem cell differentiation","volume":"59","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.02.003","article-title":"Glaucoma and neuroinflammation: An overview","volume":"66","author":"Quaranta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_142","first-page":"1745","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta2 increases extracellular matrix proteins in optic nerve head cells via activation of the Smad signaling pathway","volume":"17","author":"Zode","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424956","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2424956","article-title":"Clinical Role of Epigenetics and Network Analysis in Eye Diseases: A Translational Science Review","volume":"2019","author":"Lanza","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_144","first-page":"3237","article-title":"Diagnostic power of the new glaucoma discriminant function based on optical coherence tomography angiography parameters in early glaucoma","volume":"259","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12331","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid in the inhibition of TGF-beta1-mediated canine corneal fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"Gronkiewicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873840","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.873840","article-title":"Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA) Treatment Reveals Crosstalk Among Proteome, Phosphoproteome, and Acetylome in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30897","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R111.309302","article-title":"SWI\/SNF chromatin-remodeling factors: Multiscale analyses and diverse functions","volume":"287","author":"Euskirchen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.02.002","article-title":"Neuroprotective strategies for retinal disease","volume":"65","author":"Pardue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-001-0645-7","article-title":"A major marker for normal tension glaucoma: Association with polymorphisms in the OPA1 gene","volume":"110","author":"Aung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18750","article-title":"Epigenetic Modification Prevents Excessive Wound Healing and Scar Formation After Glaucoma Filtration Surgery","volume":"57","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5883","article-title":"Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies novel loci that influence cupping and the glaucomatous process","volume":"5","author":"Springelkamp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/5\/2822\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:07:01Z","timestamp":1760105221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/5\/2822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"references-count":151,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25052822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25052822","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]}}}