{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T14:25:55Z","timestamp":1785507955530,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,3]],"date-time":"2024-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Fund from the Institute of Biomedicine, the University of Gothenburg, the Swedish Cancer Foundation","award":["17 0171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17 0171"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Fund from the Institute of Biomedicine, the University of Gothenburg, the Swedish Cancer Foundation","award":["ALFGBG-495961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-495961"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Fund from the Institute of Biomedicine, the University of Gothenburg, the Swedish Cancer Foundation","award":["FB20-87"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FB20-87"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Fund from the Institute of Biomedicine, the University of Gothenburg, the Swedish Cancer Foundation","award":["GU 2020\/751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GU 2020\/751"]}]},{"name":"ALF fund","award":["17 0171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17 0171"]}]},{"name":"ALF fund","award":["ALFGBG-495961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-495961"]}]},{"name":"ALF fund","award":["FB20-87"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FB20-87"]}]},{"name":"ALF fund","award":["GU 2020\/751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GU 2020\/751"]}]},{"name":"Assar Gabrielsson\u2019s Foundation","award":["17 0171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17 0171"]}]},{"name":"Assar Gabrielsson\u2019s Foundation","award":["ALFGBG-495961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-495961"]}]},{"name":"Assar Gabrielsson\u2019s Foundation","award":["FB20-87"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FB20-87"]}]},{"name":"Assar Gabrielsson\u2019s Foundation","award":["GU 2020\/751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GU 2020\/751"]}]},{"name":"Adlerbertska Forskningsstiftelsen","award":["17 0171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17 0171"]}]},{"name":"Adlerbertska Forskningsstiftelsen","award":["ALFGBG-495961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-495961"]}]},{"name":"Adlerbertska Forskningsstiftelsen","award":["FB20-87"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FB20-87"]}]},{"name":"Adlerbertska Forskningsstiftelsen","award":["GU 2020\/751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GU 2020\/751"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary adenocarcinoma (ADC) is a very diverse disease, both genetically and histologically, which displays extensive intratumor heterogeneity with numerous acquired mutations. ADC is the most common type of lung cancer and is believed to arise from adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) which then progresses to minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA). In patients of European ethnicity, we analyzed genetic mutations in AIS (n = 10) and MIA (n = 18) and compared the number of genetic mutations with advanced ADC (n = 2419). Using next-generation sequencing, the number of different mutations detected in both AIS (87.5%) and MIA (94.5%) were higher (p &lt; 0.001) than in advanced ADC (53.7%). In contrast to the high number of mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma virus gene (KRAS) in advanced ADC (34.6%), there was only one case of AIS with KRAS G12C mutation (3.5%; p &lt; 0.001) and no cases of MIA with KRAS mutation (p &lt; 0.001). In contrast to the modest prevalence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in advanced ADC (15.0%), the fraction of EGFR mutant cases was higher in both in AIS (22.2%) and MIA (59.5%; p &lt; 0.001). The EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation was more common in both MIA (50%; n = 6\/12) and ADC (41%; n = 149\/363), whereas p.L858R was more prevalent in AIS (75%; n = 3\/4). In contrast to pulmonary advanced ADC, KRAS driver mutations are less common, whereas mutations in EGFR are more common, in detectable AIS and MIA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T05:31:12Z","timestamp":1709530272000},"page":"2959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma In Situ and Minimally Invasive Adenocarcinomas in European Patients Have Less KRAS and More EGFR Mutations Compared to Advanced Adenocarcinomas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jennie","family":"Petterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, V\u00e4stra G\u00f6talandsregionen, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dyar","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sashidar","family":"Bandaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, V\u00e4stra G\u00f6talandsregionen, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7962-6836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ella \u00c4ng","family":"Eklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, V\u00e4stra G\u00f6talandsregionen, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3705-194X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Hallqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, V\u00e4stra G\u00f6talandsregionen, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5225-8260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volkan I.","family":"Sayin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9anne","family":"Gagn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Fagman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, V\u00e4stra G\u00f6talandsregionen, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1968-6458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Levent M.","family":"Aky\u00fcrek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, V\u00e4stra G\u00f6talandsregionen, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.106","article-title":"Small-cell lung cancer: What we know, what we need to know and the path forward","volume":"17","author":"Gazdar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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