{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T23:57:32Z","timestamp":1793059052445,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":237,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82370728"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370728"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81974096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81974097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82170773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170773"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82100729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82100729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82200808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82200808"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82200841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82200841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82300843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82300843"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82300786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82300786"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC2500200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2500200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023BCB034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BCB034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82370728"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370728"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81974096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81974097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82170773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170773"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82100729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82100729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82200808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82200808"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82200841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82200841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82300843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82300843"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82300786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82300786"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC2500200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2500200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023BCB034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BCB034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province","award":["82370728"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370728"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province","award":["81974096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974096"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province","award":["81974097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974097"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province","award":["82170773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170773"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province","award":["82100729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82100729"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province","award":["82200808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82200808"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province","award":["82200841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82200841"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province","award":["82300843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82300843"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province","award":["82300786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82300786"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province","award":["2021YFC2500200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2500200"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province","award":["2023BCB034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BCB034"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and it heightens the risk of cardiovascular incidents. The pathogenesis of DKD is thought to involve hemodynamic, inflammatory, and metabolic factors that converge on the fibrotic pathway. Genetic predisposition and unhealthy lifestyle practices both play a significant role in the development and progression of DKD. In spite of the recent emergence of angiotensin receptors blockers (ARBs)\/angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptors antagonists (NS-MRAs), current therapies still fail to effectively arrest the progression of DKD. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), a promising class of agents, possess the potential to act as renal protectors, effectively slowing the progression of DKD. Other agents, including pentoxifylline (PTF), selonsertib, and baricitinib hold great promise as potential therapies for DKD due to their anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties. Multidisciplinary treatment, encompassing lifestyle modifications and drug therapy, can effectively decelerate the progression of DKD. Based on the treatment of heart failure, it is recommended to use multiple drugs in combination rather than a single-use drug for the treatment of DKD. Unearthing the mechanisms underlying DKD is urgent to optimize the management of DKD. Inflammatory and fibrotic factors (including IL-1, MCP-1, MMP-9, CTGF, TNF-a and TGF-\u03b21), along with lncRNAs, not only serve as diagnostic biomarkers, but also hold promise as therapeutic targets. In this review, we delve into the potential mechanisms and the current therapies of DKD. We also explore the additional value of combing these therapies to develop novel treatment strategies. Drawing from the current understanding of DKD pathogenesis, we propose HIF inhibitors, AGE inhibitors, and epigenetic modifications as promising therapeutic targets for the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T04:19:02Z","timestamp":1709785142000},"page":"3086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Recent Advances in the Management of Diabetic Kidney Disease: Slowing Progression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Na","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3565-8024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz174","article-title":"A single number for advocacy and communication-worldwide more than 850 million individuals have kidney diseases","volume":"34","author":"Jager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11491116","article-title":"Diabetic Kidney Disease: Challenges, Progress, and Possibilities","volume":"12","author":"Alicic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2023.102901","article-title":"Novel therapeutical approaches based on neurobiological and genetic strategies for diabetic polyneuropathy\u2014A review","volume":"17","author":"Sher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009070725","article-title":"Uromodulin levels associate with a common UMOD variant and risk for incident CKD","volume":"21","author":"Kottgen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-009-0069-7","article-title":"Not all neuropathy in diabetes is of diabetic etiology: Differential diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy","volume":"9","author":"Freeman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20713","article-title":"Uremic neuropathy: Clinical features and new pathophysiological insights","volume":"35","author":"Krishnan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh558","article-title":"Altered motor nerve excitability in end-stage kidney disease","volume":"128","author":"Krishnan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11441114","article-title":"Cardiac autonomic neuropathy and early progressive renal decline in patients with nonmacroalbuminuric type 1 diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Orlov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00618-8","article-title":"Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants","volume":"387","author":"Collaboration","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61601-9","article-title":"Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease: A systematic review","volume":"385","author":"Liyanage","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.05.012","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for diabetic kidney disease","volume":"102","author":"Tuttle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Diabetes Work Group (2022). KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int., 102, S1\u2013S127.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.06.008"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.563213","article-title":"Reciprocal relationships between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction: Molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms","volume":"113","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23354","article-title":"Insulin resistance reduces arterial prostacyclin synthase and eNOS activities by increasing endothelial fatty acid oxidation","volume":"116","author":"Du","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht149","article-title":"Diabetes and vascular disease: Pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: Part I","volume":"34","author":"Paneni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.223545","article-title":"Oxidative stress and diabetic complications","volume":"107","author":"Giacco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.RV17014","article-title":"Mechanism of Development of Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"25","author":"Katakami","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Atheroscler. Thromb."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11235","article-title":"Hyperglycemia inhibits endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity by posttranslational modification at the Akt site","volume":"108","author":"Du","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.217117","article-title":"Activation of protein kinase C isoforms and its impact on diabetic complications","volume":"106","author":"Geraldes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.07.003","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and macrovascular disease: Mechanisms and mediators","volume":"120","author":"Boyle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09741110","article-title":"Associations among estimated glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes","volume":"6","author":"Bello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014070714","article-title":"Cause of Death in Patients with Reduced Kidney Function","volume":"26","author":"Thompson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.02.007","article-title":"Update of pathophysiology and management of diabetic kidney disease","volume":"117","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005070757","article-title":"Chronic hypoxia and tubulointerstitial injury: A final common pathway to end-stage renal failure","volume":"17","author":"Nangaku","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199311113292004","article-title":"The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group","volume":"329","author":"Lewis","year":"1993","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"387","article-title":"Infusion treatment and parenteral feeding of the newborn","volume":"16","author":"Vulov","year":"1977","journal-title":"Akush Ginekol"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011161","article-title":"Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy","volume":"345","author":"Brenner","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-022-02022-7","article-title":"Baseline eGFR, albuminuria and renal outcomes in patients with SGLT2 inhibitor treatment: An updated meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3220","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15747","article-title":"Novel non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in cardiorenal disease","volume":"179","author":"Kintscher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S111","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S009","article-title":"9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021","volume":"44","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz486","article-title":"2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD","volume":"41","author":"Cosentino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055459","article-title":"Effect of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Semaglutide and Liraglutide on Kidney Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and LEADER","volume":"145","author":"Shaman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.2337\/dci23-0030","article-title":"Diabetic Nephropathy: Update on Pillars of Therapy Slowing Progression","volume":"46","author":"Naaman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi16-0056","article-title":"Back to the Future: Glomerular Hyperfiltration and the Diabetic Kidney","volume":"66","author":"Tuttle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-er05a","article-title":"Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition and Diabetic Kidney Disease","volume":"68","author":"Alicic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2015.02.004","article-title":"Endothelin and the renal microcirculation","volume":"35","author":"Guan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnz010","article-title":"The New Biology of Diabetic Kidney Disease-Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications","volume":"41","author":"Lytvyn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.143","article-title":"Endothelin and endothelin antagonists in chronic kidney disease","volume":"86","author":"Kohan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-2340","article-title":"Renal hyperfiltration is a determinant of endothelial function responses to cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition in type 1 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Cherney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2014.10.003","article-title":"The impact of hyperfiltration on the diabetic kidney","volume":"41","author":"Premaratne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0001-y","article-title":"CKD in diabetes: Diabetic kidney disease versus nondiabetic kidney disease","volume":"14","author":"Anders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005080872","article-title":"Impact of renin angiotensin system modulation on the hyperfiltration state in type 1 diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Sochett","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199606203342507","article-title":"Angiotensin receptors and their antagonists","volume":"334","author":"Goodfriend","year":"1996","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.35.1.155","article-title":"Role of the angiotensin type 2 receptor in the regulation of blood pressure and renal function","volume":"35","author":"Carey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018030280","article-title":"A NOX4\/TRPC6 Pathway in Podocyte Calcium Regulation and Renal Damage in Diabetic Kidney Disease","volume":"29","author":"Ilatovskaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/00041552-200105000-00005","article-title":"Proinflammatory actions of angiotensins","volume":"10","author":"Lorenzo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2010.03.007","article-title":"Macrophages and diabetic nephropathy","volume":"30","author":"Tesch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp206","article-title":"Aldosterone, a vasculotoxic agent--novel functions for an old hormone","volume":"24","author":"Ritz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp599","article-title":"Bradykinin and high glucose promote renal tubular inflammation","volume":"25","author":"Tang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0234-4","article-title":"Innate immunity in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"16","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72271","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of diabetic kidney disease","volume":"124","author":"Reidy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-017-0569-9","article-title":"Non-genetic mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.3.414-429.2002","article-title":"NF-kappaB family of transcription factors: Central regulators of innate and adaptive immune functions","volume":"15","author":"Caamano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0415-5","article-title":"A signature of circulating inflammatory proteins and development of end-stage renal disease in diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Niewczas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2017.12.002","article-title":"Inflammatory Mechanisms as New Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Diabetic Kidney Disease","volume":"25","author":"Alicic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Chronic Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5674","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27427","article-title":"Interleukin-18 and diabetic nephropathy: A review","volume":"234","author":"Yaribeygi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22617-y","article-title":"Loss of endothelial glucocorticoid receptor accelerates diabetic nephropathy","volume":"12","author":"Srivastava","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F716","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00314.2016","article-title":"Immunity and inflammation in diabetic kidney disease: Translating mechanisms to biomarkers and treatment targets","volume":"312","author":"Pichler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020040487","article-title":"Association of Multiple Plasma Biomarker Concentrations with Progression of Prevalent Diabetic Kidney Disease: Findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study","volume":"32","author":"Schrauben","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, H., Chen, H., Liu, F., and Ma, Q. (2021). Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases-9 in the kidneys of diabetic rats and the association with neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. BMC Nephrol., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-021-02396-w"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02857-5","article-title":"Intrarenal arterial administration of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells effectively preserved the residual renal function of diabetic kidney disease in rat","volume":"13","author":"Yue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1159\/000493278","article-title":"Inflammation in Diabetic Kidney Disease","volume":"143","author":"Valdivielso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfw096","article-title":"Macrophage in chronic kidney disease","volume":"9","author":"Guiteras","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155419852932","article-title":"Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis: A Double-edged Sword","volume":"67","author":"Black","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1157-x","article-title":"Renal tubular epithelial cells: The neglected mediator of tubulointerstitial fibrosis after injury","volume":"9","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Wang, H.L., Liu, T.T., and Lan, H.Y. (2021). TGF-Beta as a Master Regulator of Diabetic Nephropathy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22157881"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1824694","article-title":"SMAD3 promotes autophagy dysregulation by triggering lysosome depletion in tubular epithelial cells in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.10.023","article-title":"Modulation of transforming growth factor-beta-induced kidney fibrosis by leucine-rich \u03b1-2 glycoprotein-1","volume":"101","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Typiak, M., and Piwkowska, A. (2021). Antiinflammatory Actions of Klotho: Implications for Therapy of Diabetic Nephropathy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020956"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-018-0070-0","article-title":"CTGF in kidney fibrosis and glomerulonephritis","volume":"38","author":"Toda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm. Regen."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1053\/snep.2002.34725","article-title":"The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and fibrinolysis in progressive renal disease","volume":"22","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Zou, Y., and Liu, F. (2020). Transforming Growth Factor-Beta1 in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00187"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.12.006","article-title":"Circulating fibronectin contributes to mesangial expansion in a murine model of type 1 diabetes","volume":"91","author":"Klemis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-02108-5","article-title":"Administration of mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04184-8","article-title":"AMPK agonist alleviate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis via activating mitophagy in high fat and streptozotocin induced diabetic mice","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C340","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00167.2018","article-title":"Early growth response protein-1 upregulates long noncoding RNA Arid2-IR to promote extracellular matrix production in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"316","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4485","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI99768","article-title":"ASK1 contributes to fibrosis and dysfunction in models of kidney disease","volume":"128","author":"Liles","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018121231","article-title":"Effects of Selonsertib in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease","volume":"30","author":"Chertow","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1328","article-title":"Enhanced expression of Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway members in human diabetic nephropathy","volume":"58","author":"Berthier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.08.009","article-title":"Serum Level of Polyubiquitinated PTEN and Loss of Kidney Function in American Indians with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"79","author":"Looker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI121987","article-title":"PTEN-induced partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition drives diabetic kidney disease","volume":"129","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3209","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25867","article-title":"Palmitate induces mitochondrial superoxide generation and activates AMPK in podocytes","volume":"232","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.01.06.db05-0894","article-title":"Glucose-induced reactive oxygen species cause apoptosis of podocytes and podocyte depletion at the onset of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"55","author":"Susztak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1191656","article-title":"Expression of advanced glycation end products and their cellular receptor RAGE in diabetic nephropathy and nondiabetic renal disease","volume":"11","author":"Tanji","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.025","article-title":"AGE\/RAGE in diabetic kidney disease and ageing kidney","volume":"171","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.322","article-title":"Revisiting inflammation in diabetic nephropathy: The role of the Nlrp3 inflammasome in glomerular resident cells","volume":"87","author":"Sakai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-1281","article-title":"RAGE-Aptamer Blocks the Development and Progression of Experimental Diabetic Nephropathy","volume":"66","author":"Matsui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dou, L., and Jourde-Chiche, N. (2019). Endothelial Toxicity of High Glucose and its by-Products in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Toxins, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11100578"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2725","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome activation: The convergence of multiple signalling pathways on ROS production?","volume":"10","author":"Tschopp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154748","article-title":"Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome ameliorates podocyte damage by suppressing lipid accumulation in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"118","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1159\/000447434","article-title":"Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Development and Progression of Renal Disease in Diabetic Patients","volume":"133","author":"Hojs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2010.03.018","article-title":"Advanced glycation end products in foods and a practical guide to their reduction in the diet","volume":"110","author":"Uribarri","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11704","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.24.11704","article-title":"Advanced glycation end products induce glomerular sclerosis and albuminuria in normal rats","volume":"91","author":"Vlassara","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422420000104","article-title":"The potential role of dietary advanced glycation endproducts in the development of chronic non-infectious diseases: A narrative review","volume":"33","author":"Beeri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabe4841","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe4841","article-title":"Processed foods drive intestinal barrier permeability and microvascular diseases","volume":"7","author":"Snelson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1997.5130","article-title":"Neuroendocrine-bacterial interactions in a neurotoxin-induced model of trauma","volume":"70","author":"Lyte","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2021060843","article-title":"Intestinal Bacterial Translocation Contributes to Diabetic Kidney Disease","volume":"33","author":"Linh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaky, A., Glastras, S.J., Wong, M.Y.W., Pollock, C.A., and Saad, S. (2021). The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Diabetes and Obesity-Related Kidney Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179641"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3070","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.5.3070","article-title":"Enterocyte TLR4 mediates phagocytosis and translocation of bacteria across the intestinal barrier","volume":"176","author":"Neal","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013080905","article-title":"The gut microbiome, kidney disease, and targeted interventions","volume":"25","author":"Ramezani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, J., Chadban, S.J., Zhao, C.Y., Chen, X., Kwan, T., Panchapakesan, U., Pollock, C.A., and Wu, H. (2014). TLR4 activation promotes podocyte injury and interstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097985"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2019101029","article-title":"Dietary Fiber Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy through Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Mediated Activation of G Protein-Coupled Receptors GPR43 and GPR109A","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0278-5","article-title":"Genetics of diabetes mellitus and diabetes complications","volume":"16","author":"Cole","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016020231","article-title":"The Genetic Landscape of Renal Complications in Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"28","author":"Sandholm","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-0914","article-title":"A Genome-Wide Association Study of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"67","author":"Ahlqvist","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1154","article-title":"Genome-wide scans for diabetic nephropathy and albuminuria in multiethnic populations: The family investigation of nephropathy and diabetes (FIND)","volume":"56","author":"Iyengar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.8.2320","article-title":"Carnosine as a protective factor in diabetic nephropathy: Association with a leucine repeat of the carnosinase gene CNDP1","volume":"54","author":"Janssen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6998","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800454105","article-title":"Promoter polymorphism of the erythropoietin gene in severe diabetic eye and kidney complications","volume":"105","author":"Tong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandholm, N., Salem, R.M., McKnight, A.J., Brennan, E.P., Forsblom, C., Isakova, T., McKay, G.J., Williams, W.W., Sadlier, D.M., and Makinen, V.P. (2012). New susceptibility loci associated with kidney disease in type 1 diabetes. PLoS Genet., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002921"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2019030218","article-title":"Genome-Wide Association Study of Diabetic Kidney Disease Highlights Biology Involved in Glomerular Basement Membrane Collagen","volume":"30","author":"Salem","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iyengar, S.K., Sedor, J.R., Freedman, B.I., Kao, W.H., Kretzler, M., Keller, B.J., Abboud, H.E., Adler, S.G., Best, L.G., and Bowden, D.W. (2015). Genome-Wide Association and Trans-ethnic Meta-Analysis for Advanced Diabetic Kidney Disease: Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND). PLoS Genet., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005352"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-019-0205-7","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies novel loci for type 2 diabetes-attributed end-stage kidney disease in African Americans","volume":"13","author":"Guan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Genom."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29013","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2005905117","article-title":"Systematic integrated analysis of genetic and epigenetic variation in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"117","author":"Sheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0135-6","article-title":"Epigenetics and epigenomics in diabetic kidney disease and metabolic memory","volume":"15","author":"Kato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5383010","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5383010","article-title":"Roles of Identified Long Noncoding RNA in Diabetic Nephropathy","volume":"2019","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srivastava, S.P., Goodwin, J.E., Tripathi, P., Kanasaki, K., and Koya, D. (2021). Interactions among Long Non-Coding RNAs and microRNAs Influence Disease Phenotype in Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22116027"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, J., Jiang, Z., Liu, C., Zhou, D., Song, J., Liao, Y., and Chen, J. (2020). Emerging Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Renal Fibrosis. Life, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/life10080131"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13189","article-title":"LncRNA MALAT1 is dysregulated in diabetic nephropathy and involved in high glucose-induced podocyte injury via its interplay with beta-catenin","volume":"21","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvarez, M.L., and DiStefano, J.K. (2011). Functional characterization of the plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 gene (PVT1) in diabetic nephropathy. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018671"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00840207","article-title":"Kidney outcomes in long-term studies of ruboxistaurin for diabetic eye disease","volume":"2","author":"Tuttle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009060593","article-title":"Avosentan for overt diabetic nephropathy","volume":"21","author":"Mann","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30772-X","article-title":"Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"393","author":"Heerspink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.06.013","article-title":"Executive summary of the KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease: An update based on rapidly emerging new evidence","volume":"102","author":"Rossing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010101049","article-title":"Pirfenidone for diabetic nephropathy","volume":"22","author":"Sharma","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011040378","article-title":"Sulodexide fails to demonstrate renoprotection in overt type 2 diabetic nephropathy","volume":"23","author":"Packham","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1208799","article-title":"Cardiorenal end points in a trial of aliskiren for type 2 diabetes","volume":"367","author":"Parving","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306033","article-title":"Bardoxolone methyl in type 2 diabetes and stage 4 chronic kidney disease","volume":"369","author":"Akizawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.03.030","article-title":"Randomized Clinical Trial on the Effect of Bardoxolone Methyl on GFR in Diabetic Kidney Disease Patients (TSUBAKI Study)","volume":"5","author":"Nangaku","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Rep."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfac242","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study of bardoxolone methyl in patients with diabetic kidney disease: Design and baseline characteristics of the AYAME study","volume":"38","author":"Nangaku","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palic, B., Brizic, I., Sher, E.K., Cvetkovic, I., Dzidic-Krivic, A., Abdelghani, H.T.M., and Sher, F. (Mol. Biotechnol., 2023). Effects of Zofenopril on Arterial Stiffness in Hypertension Patients, Mol. Biotechnol., Online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-023-00861-5"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305087","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/305087","article-title":"Different effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on endothelin-1 and nitric oxide balance in human vascular endothelial cells: Evidence of an oxidant-sensitive pathway","volume":"2008","author":"Desideri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139465","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/139465","article-title":"Blood Pressure Response to Zofenopril or Irbesartan Each Combined with Hydrochlorothiazide in High-Risk Hypertensives Uncontrolled by Monotherapy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled, Parallel Group, Noninferiority Trial","volume":"2015","author":"Malacco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000805","article-title":"Zofenopril or irbesartan plus hydrochlorothiazide in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension untreated or uncontrolled by previous treatment: A double-blind, randomized study","volume":"34","author":"Modesti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011303","article-title":"Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes","volume":"345","author":"Lewis","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1303154","article-title":"Combined angiotensin inhibition for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"369","author":"Fried","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4859-4","article-title":"Canagliflozin reduces inflammation and fibrosis biomarkers: A potential mechanism of action for beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"62","author":"Heerspink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S135","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S011","article-title":"11. Microvascular Complications and Foot Care: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020","volume":"43","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4678-z","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors: The future for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other chronic diseases","volume":"61","author":"Wanner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811744","article-title":"Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy","volume":"380","author":"Perkovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024816","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"383","author":"Heerspink","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2020.10.064","article-title":"Effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes-Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"232","author":"Salah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204233","article-title":"Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"388","author":"The","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.02.030","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and kidney diseases: Pathophysiological basis","volume":"96","author":"Girerd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpaa137","article-title":"Aldosterone, Inflammation, Immune System, and Hypertension","volume":"34","author":"Ferreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00313","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid Receptor Signaling as a Therapeutic Target for Renal and Cardiac Fibrosis","volume":"8","author":"Tesch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000044937.95080.E9","article-title":"Effectiveness of aldosterone blockade in patients with diabetic nephropathy","volume":"41","author":"Sato","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704131","article-title":"Reversal of cardiac and renal fibrosis by pirfenidone and spironolactone in streptozotocin-diabetic rats","volume":"133","author":"Miric","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4901","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab670","article-title":"Corrigendum to: 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.08.034","article-title":"Safety and cardiovascular efficacy of spironolactone in dialysis-dependent ESRD (SPin-D): A randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple dosage trial","volume":"95","author":"Charytan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab777","article-title":"Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: The FIDELITY pooled analysis","volume":"43","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2025845","article-title":"Effect of Finerenone on Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"383","author":"Bakris","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfac234","article-title":"A comparative post hoc analysis of finerenone and spironolactone in resistant hypertension in moderate-to-advanced chronic kidney disease","volume":"16","author":"Agarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06870520","article-title":"Esaxerenone (CS-3150) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria (ESAX-DN): Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"15","author":"Ito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1159\/000516213","article-title":"Effects of Finerenone Combined with Empagliflozin in a Model of Hypertension-Induced End-Organ Damage","volume":"52","author":"Kolkhof","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2020.11.009","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in HFrEF Patients Treated with Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists: An Analysis of DAPA-HF","volume":"9","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.01.044","article-title":"Interplay of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists and Empagliflozin in Heart Failure: EMPEROR-Reduced","volume":"77","author":"Ferreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2021070942","article-title":"Hyperkalemia Risk with Finerenone: Results from the FIDELIO-DKD Trial","volume":"33","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.10.008","article-title":"Finerenone in Predominantly Advanced CKD and Type 2 Diabetes with or without Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Therapy","volume":"7","author":"Rossing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Rep."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.2337\/dci22-0027","article-title":"Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)","volume":"45","author":"Khunti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-00367-2","article-title":"Incretin drugs in diabetic kidney disease: Biological mechanisms and clinical evidence","volume":"17","author":"Alicic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Diabetes Work Group (2020). KDIGO 2020 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int., 98, S1\u2013S115.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.06.019"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30104-9","article-title":"Dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (AWARD-7): A multicentre, open-label, randomised trial","volume":"6","author":"Tuttle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00203-5","article-title":"Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"9","author":"Sattar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m4573","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4573","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter protein-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"372","author":"Palmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","article-title":"Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","article-title":"Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2108269","article-title":"Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Efpeglenatide in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"385","author":"Gerstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarathy, H., Henriquez, G., Abramowitz, M.K., Kramer, H., Rosas, S.E., Johns, T., Kumar, J., Skversky, A., Kaskel, F., and Melamed, M.L. (2016). Abdominal Obesity, Race and Chronic Kidney Disease in Young Adults: Results from NHANES 1999\u20132010. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153588"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005060638","article-title":"Obesity and risk for chronic renal failure","volume":"17","author":"Ejerblad","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfad009","article-title":"The rationale, design and baseline data of FLOW, a kidney outcomes trial with once-weekly semaglutide in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease","volume":"38","author":"Rossing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1113","article-title":"Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular and Heart Failure Events with SGLT2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and Their Combination in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"45","author":"Wright","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/154386090897974","article-title":"Pentoxifylline diminishes the oxidative damage to renal tissue induced by streptozotocin in the rat","volume":"5","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Diabesity Res."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014010012","article-title":"Effect of pentoxifylline on renal function and urinary albumin excretion in patients with diabetic kidney disease: The PREDIAN trial","volume":"26","author":"Chahin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0078","article-title":"Effects of Pentoxifylline on Soluble Klotho Concentrations and Renal Tubular Cell Expression in Diabetic Kidney Disease","volume":"41","author":"Ferri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfx377","article-title":"JAK1\/JAK2 inhibition by baricitinib in diabetic kidney disease: Results from a Phase 2 randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"33","author":"Tuttle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i43","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key276","article-title":"JAK-inhibitors. New players in the field of immune-mediated diseases, beyond rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"58","author":"Fragoulis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020010028","article-title":"The Effects of High-Protein Diets on Kidney Health and Longevity","volume":"31","author":"Ko","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-013-0453-1","article-title":"Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and diabetes: Cause, effect, or both?","volume":"14","author":"Vlassara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rep."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00530119","article-title":"Healthy Dietary Patterns and Incidence of CKD: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies","volume":"14","author":"Bach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8","article-title":"Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"393","author":"Collaborators","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.015853","article-title":"Dose-Response Relationship Between Physical Activity and Risk of Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"132","author":"Pandey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowlby, W., Zelnick, L.R., Henry, C., Himmelfarb, J., Kahn, S.E., Kestenbaum, B., Robinson-Cohen, C., Utzschneider, K.M., and de Boer, I.H. (2016). Physical activity and metabolic health in chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrol., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-016-0400-x"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr364","article-title":"Benefits of regular walking exercise in advanced pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease","volume":"27","author":"Kosmadakis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw452","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and chronic kidney disease in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"32","author":"Xia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09540818","article-title":"Secondhand Smoke and CKD","volume":"14","author":"Jhee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30327-3","article-title":"Effect of an intensified multifactorial intervention on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in type 2 diabetes (J-DOIT3): An open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Ueki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.10.042","article-title":"Insights from CREDENCE trial indicate an acute drop in estimated glomerular filtration rate during treatment with canagliflozin with implications for clinical practice","volume":"99","author":"Oshima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.10.031","article-title":"Characterization and implications of the initial estimated glomerular filtration rate \u2018dip\u2019 upon sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition with empagliflozin in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial","volume":"99","author":"Kraus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2022020207","article-title":"Albuminuria-Lowering Effect of Dapagliflozin, Eplerenone, and Their Combination in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial","volume":"33","author":"Provenzano","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfac198","article-title":"Design of the COmbinatioN effect of FInerenone anD EmpaglifloziN in participants with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes using a UACR Endpoint study (CONFIDENCE)","volume":"38","author":"Green","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4552-z","article-title":"Galectin-3 is independently associated with progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"61","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2019.06.005","article-title":"Systemic Inflammation Precedes Microalbuminuria in Diabetes","volume":"4","author":"Scurt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Rep."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394206","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/394206","article-title":"TNF-alpha and microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"2014","author":"Lampropoulou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2580","article-title":"Association of serum concentration of TNFR1 with all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Follow-up of the SURDIAGENE Cohort","volume":"37","author":"Saulnier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2017.12.002","article-title":"Biglycan, a novel trigger of Th1 and Th17 cell recruitment into the kidney","volume":"68\u201369","author":"Nastase","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30026-7","article-title":"Early detection of diabetic kidney disease by urinary proteomics and subsequent intervention with spironolactone to delay progression (PRIORITY): A prospective observational study and embedded randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Tofte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4729019","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4729019","article-title":"Circulating Expression Level of LncRNA Malat1 in Diabetic Kidney Disease Patients and Its Clinical Significance","volume":"2020","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00419.x","article-title":"Hypoxia promotes fibrogenesis in human renal fibroblasts","volume":"58","author":"Norman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1172","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00667.2011","article-title":"Preischemic targeting of HIF prolyl hydroxylation inhibits fibrosis associated with acute kidney injury","volume":"302","author":"Kapitsinou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00742.x","article-title":"Induction of protective genes by cobalt ameliorates tubulointerstitial injury in the progressive Thy1 nephritis","volume":"68","author":"Tanaka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.7.2741-2747.1992","article-title":"Characterization of the Shigella serotype D (S. sonnei) O polysaccharide and the enterobacterial R1 lipopolysaccharide core by use of mouse monoclonal antibodies","volume":"60","author":"Viret","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1075","article-title":"Progenitor cell trafficking is regulated by hypoxic gradients through HIF-1 induction of SDF-1","volume":"10","author":"Ceradini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.3.7.989","article-title":"Dynamic balancing of the dual nature of HIF-1alpha for cell survival","volume":"3","author":"Koshiji","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2011.01498.x","article-title":"Transient hypoxia-inducible factor activation in rat renal ablation and reduced fibrosis with L-mimosine","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2019060582","article-title":"Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain Inhibitor Protects against Metabolic Disorders and Associated Kidney Disease in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Mice","volume":"31","author":"Sugahara","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-101-4-527","article-title":"Nonenzymatic glycosylation and the pathogenesis of diabetic complications","volume":"101","author":"Brownlee","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000062","article-title":"Advanced glycation end product accumulation: A new enemy to target in chronic kidney disease?","volume":"23","author":"Mallipattu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-0310","article-title":"Advanced Glycation End Products Predict Loss of Renal Function and Correlate with Lesions of Diabetic Kidney Disease in American Indians with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"65","author":"Saulnier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11771","article-title":"Development and prevention of advanced diabetic nephropathy in RAGE-overexpressing mice","volume":"108","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1159\/000322087","article-title":"Reactive metabolites and AGE\/RAGE-mediated cellular dysfunction affect the aging process: A mini-review","volume":"57","author":"Fleming","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008050514","article-title":"RAGE-induced cytosolic ROS promote mitochondrial superoxide generation in diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Coughlan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1159\/000108104","article-title":"Effects of pyridoxamine in combined phase 2 studies of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy","volume":"27","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1224-4","article-title":"High-dose thiamine therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: A randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study","volume":"52","author":"Rabbani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000075627","article-title":"Randomized trial of an inhibitor of formation of advanced glycation end products in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"24","author":"Bolton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-2241","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial on benfotiamine treatment in patients with diabetic nephropathy","volume":"33","author":"Alkhalaf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081188","article-title":"Transient high glucose causes persistent epigenetic changes and altered gene expression during subsequent normoglycemia","volume":"205","author":"Brasacchio","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34612-3","article-title":"Aberrant DNA methylation of Tgfb1 in diabetic kidney mesangial cells","volume":"8","author":"Oba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-0537","article-title":"Epigenetics and Epigenomics: Implications for Diabetes and Obesity","volume":"67","author":"Rosen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014070665","article-title":"Diabetes Induces Aberrant DNA Methylation in the Proximal Tubules of the Kidney","volume":"26","author":"Marumo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.4580","article-title":"Valproate attenuates diabetic nephropathy through inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3779","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22180-5","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis revealed that DZNep reduces tubulointerstitial fibrosis via down-regulation of pro-fibrotic genes","volume":"8","author":"Mimura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.06.021","article-title":"Inhibition of the H3K4 methyltransferase MLL1\/WDR5 complex attenuates renal senescence in ischemia reperfusion mice by reduction of p16(INK4a)","volume":"96","author":"Shimoda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_224","first-page":"E3002","article-title":"Epigenomic profiling reveals an association between persistence of DNA methylation and metabolic memory in the DCCT\/EDIC type 1 diabetes cohort","volume":"113","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014050528","article-title":"Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein Deficiency Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy","volume":"26","author":"Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1251","article-title":"Evaluating the role of epigenetic histone modifications in the metabolic memory of type 1 diabetes","volume":"63","author":"Miao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/414813a","article-title":"Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications","volume":"414","author":"Brownlee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.387","article-title":"Losartan reverses permissive epigenetic changes in renal glomeruli of diabetic db\/db mice","volume":"85","author":"Reddy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2015.6372","article-title":"Epigenetic Histone Modifications Involved in Profibrotic Gene Regulation by 12\/15-Lipoxygenase and Its Oxidized Lipid Products in Diabetic Nephropathy","volume":"24","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal"},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2013.05.009","article-title":"Novel therapeutic strategy with hypoxia-inducible factors via reversible epigenetic regulation mechanisms in progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis","volume":"33","author":"Mimura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3018","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.06643-11","article-title":"Dynamic change of chromatin conformation in response to hypoxia enhances the expression of GLUT3 (SLC2A3) by cooperative interaction of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and KDM3A","volume":"32","author":"Mimura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13203","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13203","article-title":"Novel lnc RNA regulated by HIF-1 inhibits apoptotic cell death in the renal tubular epithelial cells under hypoxia","volume":"5","author":"Mimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2016.02.001","article-title":"Targeting non-coding RNA for the therapy of renal disease","volume":"27","author":"Denby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.053029","article-title":"Teprasiran, a Small Interfering RNA, for the Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury in High-Risk Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Study","volume":"144","author":"Thielmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI75852","article-title":"Anti-microRNA-21 oligonucleotides prevent Alport nephropathy progression by stimulating metabolic pathways","volume":"125","author":"Gomez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011050485","article-title":"Inhibiting microRNA-192 ameliorates renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"23","author":"Putta","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giglio, R.V., Patti, A.M., Rizvi, A.A., Stoian, A.P., Ciaccio, M., Papanas, N., Janez, A., Sonmez, A., Banach, M., and Sahebkar, A. (2023). Advances in the Pharmacological Management of Diabetic Nephropathy: A 2022 International Update. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020291"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/6\/3086\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:10:15Z","timestamp":1760105415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/6\/3086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"references-count":237,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25063086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25063086","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]}}}