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intestinal barrier function, gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in weaned piglets. A total of 128 weaned piglets [Duroc\u00d7(Landrace\u00d7Yorkshire), male, 21-day-old] were randomly allocated to four groups. Piglets were fed a control diet (CON) or the control diet supplemented with 10%, 50% or 100% FMF (FMF-10, FMF-50 or FMF-100, respectively) for 14 d. The results showed that the FMF-100 group had higher average daily gain and average daily feed intake and lower diarrhea incidence than the CON group (p &lt; 0.05). The FMF-50 and FMF-100 groups had greater villus height in the duodenum and jejunum, and the FMF-10 and FMF-100 groups had higher villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and jejunum than the CON group. Additionally, the FMF-100 group had higher protein expression of duodenal, jejunal and ileal ZO-1 and jejunal claudin-1; higher mRNA expression of duodenal and ileal TJP1 and jejunal CLDN1 and IL10; and lower jejunal IL1B mRNA expression (p &lt; 0.05). The FMF-50 group showed higher jejunal ZO-1 and claudin-1 protein levels, higher mRNA expression levels of IL10 and TJP1 and lower levels of TNF in the jejunum; the FMF-10 group had higher mRNA expression levels of IL10 and lower levels of TNF in the jejunum than the CON group (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the FMF-10 and FMF-50 groups had higher colonic Lactobacillus abundance and butyrate levels; the FMF-100 group had higher abundance of colonic butyrate, Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium than the CON group (p &lt; 0.05). Collectively, our results suggest that FMF could improve intestinal mucosal barrier function, gut microbiota and their metabolites, thereby enhancing average daily gain and reducing diarrhea incidence in weaned piglets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T06:05:30Z","timestamp":1710137130000},"page":"3199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Fermented Corn\u2013Soybean Meal Improved Growth Performance and Reduced Diarrhea Incidence by Modulating Intestinal Barrier Function and Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yueqin","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongyong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Zeng, L., Tan, B., Li, G., Huang, B., Xiong, X., Li, F., Kong, X., Liu, G., and Yin, Y. 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