{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:55:44Z","timestamp":1791435344625,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["Ricerca Corrente 2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente 2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, the fifth edition of the WHO classification recognized the thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SMARCA4-UT) as a separate entity from conventional non-small cell lung cancer with SMARCA4 deficiency because of the different clinicopathological characteristics of these two diseases. SMARCA4-UT mainly occurs in young to middle-aged adults and involves a large mass compressing the tissues surrounding the mediastinum and lung parenchyma. Unfortunately, SMARCA4-UT shows a high probability of recurrence after upfront surgery as well as radiotherapy resistance; moreover, chemotherapy has low efficacy. Moreover, given the recent classification of SMARCA4-UT, no data concerning specific clinical trials are currently available. However, several case reports show immunotherapy efficacy in patients with this disease not only in a metastatic setting but also in a neoadjuvant manner, supporting the development of clinical trials. In addition, preclinical data and initial clinical experiences suggest that inhibiting pathways such as CDK4\/6, AURKA, ATR, and EZH2 may be a promising therapeutic approach to SMARCA4-UT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T03:46:31Z","timestamp":1710301591000},"page":"3237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Treatment of Thoracic SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Tumors: Where We Are and Where We Will Go"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Vito","family":"Longo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori \u201cGiovanni Paolo II\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Catino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori \u201cGiovanni Paolo II\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8568-7723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Montrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori \u201cGiovanni Paolo II\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta Sara","family":"Montagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori \u201cGiovanni Paolo II\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Pesola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori \u201cGiovanni Paolo II\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Marech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori \u201cGiovanni Paolo II\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Pizzutilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori \u201cGiovanni Paolo II\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0679-2435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Nardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e0 Operativa Complessa di Radioterapia, IRCCS Istituto Tumori \u201cGiovanni Paolo II\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori \u201cGiovanni Paolo II\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Gesualdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori \u201cGiovanni Paolo II\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4878-5906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Galetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori \u201cGiovanni Paolo II\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-023-04806-y","article-title":"Promising efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor plus chemotherapy for thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor","volume":"149","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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