{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:54:18Z","timestamp":1760144058948,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Global Environment Facility (GEF)","award":["Research X Ctr 1 Ghosh (Virus Interface)","41017-2023\/FY24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research X Ctr 1 Ghosh (Virus Interface)","41017-2023\/FY24"]}]},{"name":"One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts and Nevis","award":["Research X Ctr 1 Ghosh (Virus Interface)","41017-2023\/FY24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research X Ctr 1 Ghosh (Virus Interface)","41017-2023\/FY24"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To date, limited information is available on cytomegalovirus (CMV) and lymphocryptovirus (LCV) from Chlorocebus monkeys. We report here high detection rates of herpesviruses in free-roaming African green monkeys (AGMs, Chlorocebus sabaeus) (26.4%, 23\/87) and in captive AGMs (75%, 3\/4) with respiratory disease on the Caribbean Island of St. Kitts. LCV (81.25%) was more prevalent than CMV (18.75%) in the AGMs. Applying a bigenic PCR approach (targeting DNA polymerase (DPOL) and glycoprotein B (gB) genes), long sequences were obtained from representative AGM CMV (KNA-SD6) and LCV (KNA-E4, -N6 and -R15) samples, and mixed LCV infections were identified in KNA-N6 and -R15. The nucleotide (nt) sequence (partial DPOL-intergenic region-partial gB) and partial DPOL- and gB-amino acid (aa) sequences of AGM CMV KNA-SD6 were closely related to Cytomegalovirus cercopithecinebeta5 isolates from grivet monkeys, whilst those of AGM LCV KNA-E4 and -N6 (and E4-like gB of KNA-R15) were more closely related to cognate sequences of erythrocebus patas LCV1 from patas monkey than other LCVs, corroborating the concept of cospeciation in the evolution of CMV\/LCV. On the other hand, the partial DPOL aa sequence of KNA-R15, and additional gB sequences (N6-gB-2 and R15-gB-2) from samples KNA-N6 and -R15 (respectively) appeared to be distinct from those of Old World monkey LCVs, indicating LCV evolutionary patterns that were not synchronous with those of host species. The present study is the first to report the molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of CMV\/LCV from free-roaming\/wild and captive AGMs, and is the first report on analysis of CMV nt\/deduced aa sequences from AGMs and LCV gB sequences from Chlorocebus monkeys.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T05:43:08Z","timestamp":1710394988000},"page":"3272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Molecular Detection and Genetic Diversity of Cytomegaloviruses and Lymphocryptoviruses in Free-Roaming and Captive African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Diana M.","family":"Mancuso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9259-6005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerry","family":"Gainor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9654-893X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerry M.","family":"Dore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"},{"name":"CABI\/GEF\/UNEP Regional Project\u2014\u2018Preventing the COSTS of Invasive Alien Species in Barbados and OECS Countries\u2019 in St. Kitts, Ministry of Environment, Climate Action and Constituency Development, Basseterre 00265, Saint Kitts and Nevis"},{"name":"Science Department, Millbrook School, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christa A.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Beierschmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"},{"name":"Behavioral Science Foundation, Estridge Estate, Basseterre P.O. Box 428, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2832-4854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yashpal S.","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana 141012, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7581-1033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souvik","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001673","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001673","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Herpesviridae 2021","volume":"102","author":"Gatherer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cagliani, R., Forni, D., Mozzi, A., and Sironi, M. (2020). Evolution and Genetic Diversity of Primate Cytomegaloviruses. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8050624"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anoh, A.E., Murthy, S., Akoua-Koffi, C., Couacy-Hymann, E., Leendertz, F.H., Calvignac-Spencer, S., and Ehlers, B. (2018). Cytomegaloviruses in a Community of Wild Nonhuman Primates in Ta\u00ef National Park, C\u00f4te D\u2019Ivoire. 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