{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:37:38Z","timestamp":1789598258445,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011789","name":"Project of Science and Technology Department in Jilin Province, China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20220204033YY"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220204033YY"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011789","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011789","name":"Project of Science and Technology Department in Jilin Province, China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023CX243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023CX243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011789","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004032","name":"Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20220204033YY"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220204033YY"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004032","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004032","name":"Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023CX243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023CX243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004032","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we designed two series of novel anthraquinone-based benzenesulfonamide derivatives and their analogues as potential carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and evaluated their inhibitory activities against off-target human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) isoform and tumor-associated human carbonic anhydrase IX (hCA IX) isoform. Most of these compounds exhibited good inhibitory activities against hCA II and IX. The compounds that exhibited the best hCA inhibition were further studied against the MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and HepG2 cell lines under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Additionally, the compounds exhibiting the best antitumor activity were subjected to apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential assays, which revealed a significant increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells and a notable decrease in cell viability. Molecular docking studies were performed to demonstrate the presence of numerous hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions between the compounds and the active site of hCA. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) predictions showed that all of the compounds had good pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T09:32:30Z","timestamp":1710495150000},"page":"3348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Novel Anthraquinone-Based Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives and Their Analogues as Potent Human Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors with Antitumor Activity: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and In Silico Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8229-5884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingchuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burnett, A.R., and Thomson, R.H. 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