{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T15:48:28Z","timestamp":1783612108932,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z1AE8103311-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z1AE8103311-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD-042311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD-042311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)\/National Institute of Child Health","award":["Z1AE8103311-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z1AE8103311-01"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)\/National Institute of Child Health","award":["R01 HD-042311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD-042311"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"Human Development (NICHD)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z1AE8103311-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z1AE8103311-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"Human Development (NICHD)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD-042311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD-042311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Using an established human primary cell culture model, we previously demonstrated that the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) transcription factor is a direct target of the progesterone receptor (PGR) and is essential for progestin-dependent decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs). These in vitro findings were supported by immunohistochemical analysis of human endometrial tissue biopsies, which showed that the strongest immunoreactivity for endometrial PLZF is detected during the progesterone (P4)-dominant secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. While these human studies provided critical clinical support for the important role of PLZF in P4-dependent HESC decidualization, functional validation in vivo was not possible due to the absence of suitable animal models. To address this deficiency, we recently generated a conditional knockout mouse model in which PLZF is ablated in PGR-positive cells of the mouse (Plzf d\/d). The Plzf d\/d female was phenotypically analyzed using immunoblotting, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Reproductive function was tested using the timed natural pregnancy model as well as the artificial decidual response assay. Even though ovarian activity is not affected, female Plzf d\/d mice exhibit an infertility phenotype due to an inability of the embryo to implant into the Plzf d\/d endometrium. Initial cellular and molecular phenotyping investigations reveal that the Plzf d\/d endometrium is unable to develop a transient receptive state, which is reflected at the molecular level by a blunted response to P4 exposure with a concomitant unopposed response to 17-\u03b2 estradiol. In addition to a defect in P4-dependent receptivity, the Plzf d\/d endometrium fails to undergo decidualization in response to an artificial decidual stimulus, providing the in vivo validation for our earlier HESC culture findings. Collectively, our new Plzf d\/d mouse model underscores the physiological importance of the PLZF transcription factor not only in endometrial stromal cell decidualization but also uterine receptivity, two uterine cellular processes that are indispensable for the establishment of pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T09:39:31Z","timestamp":1710841171000},"page":"3451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Establishment of Murine Pregnancy Requires the Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger Transcription Factor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Hai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vineet K.","family":"Maurya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco J.","family":"DeMayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Lydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420120103","article-title":"Retrospective and prospective epidemiological studies of 1500 karyotyped spontaneous human abortions","volume":"12","author":"Boue","year":"1975","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00272380","article-title":"A cytogenetic study directly from chorionic villi of 140 spontaneous abortions","volume":"77","author":"Eiben","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hum. 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