{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:54:19Z","timestamp":1760144059482,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"FWO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1S25119N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S25119N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fondation Charcot Stichting","award":["1S25119N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S25119N"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the major challenges in multiple sclerosis (MS) is to accurately monitor and quantify disability over time. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify new biomarkers for disease progression. Peripheral blood DNA methylation has been demonstrated to be an easily accessible and quantifiable marker in many neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether methylation patterns that were previously determined in chronic inactive white matter lesions of patients with progressive MS are also reflected in the blood, and whether the latter can serve as a biomarker for disease progression in MS. While our initial analysis revealed differences in the blood methylation state of important myelin-related genes between patients with progressive MS and controls, these findings could not be validated in other independent patient cohorts. Subsequent investigation suggests that sample storage can selectively influence DNA methylation patterns, potentially hindering accurate epigenetic analysis. Therefore, sample storage time should be taken into consideration during the initial sample selection stage in biomarker studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T05:04:12Z","timestamp":1710911052000},"page":"3468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Impact of Sample Storage on Blood Methylation: Towards Assessing Myelin Gene Methylation as a Biomarker for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3931-8254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assia","family":"Tiane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium"},{"name":"Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"University MS Center (UMSC), 3500 Hasselt, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4950-8724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veerle","family":"Somers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University MS Center (UMSC), 3500 Hasselt, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2308-406X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels","family":"Hellings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University MS Center (UMSC), 3500 Hasselt, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4047-3198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel L. A.","family":"van den Hove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2912-0578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Vanmierlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium"},{"name":"Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"University MS Center (UMSC), 3500 Hasselt, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv065","article-title":"Unmet care needs of people with a neurological chronic disease: A cross-sectional study in Italy on Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Ponzio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. 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