{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:55:04Z","timestamp":1787846104159,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gyeongsangnam-do Forest Environment Research Institute\u2019s Allium ochotense Healthy Functional Food Material Development Research Service","award":["20230310F6E-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20230310F6E-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of Allium ochotense on fatty liver and hepatitis in chronic alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. The physiological compounds of a mixture of aqueous and 60% ethanol (2:8, w\/w) extracts of A. ochotense (EA) were identified as kestose, raffinose, kaempferol and quercetin glucoside, and kaempferol di-glucoside by UPLC Q-TOF MSE. The EA regulated the levels of lipid metabolism-related biomarkers such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in serum. Also, EA ameliorated the levels of liver toxicity-related biomarkers such as glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and total bilirubin in serum. EA improved the antioxidant system by reducing malondialdehyde contents and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and reduced glutathione content. EA improved the alcohol metabolizing enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). Treatment with EA alleviated lipid accumulation-related protein expression by improving phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) expression levels. Especially, EA reduced inflammatory response by regulating the toll-like receptor\u20134\/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (TLR-4\/NF-\u03baB) signaling pathway. EA showed an anti-apoptotic effect by regulating the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCl-2), BCl-2-associated X protein (BAX), and caspase 3. Treatment with EA also ameliorated liver fibrosis via inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta 1\/suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (TGF-\u03b21\/Smad) pathway and alpha-smooth muscle actin (\u03b1-SMA). Therefore, these results suggest that EA might be a potential prophylactic agent for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T05:56:07Z","timestamp":1710914167000},"page":"3496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Hepatoprotective Effect of Allium ochotense Extracts on Chronic Alcohol-Induced Fatty Liver and Hepatic Inflammation in C57BL\/6 Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9055-8731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min Ji","family":"Go","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7926-4778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2198-8631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo Lim","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Yoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju Hui","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han Su","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seon Jeong","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Department, Gyeongsangnam-do Forest Environment Research Institute, Jinju 52615, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3560-2007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho Jin","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease: Pathogenesis and current management","volume":"38","author":"Osna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agz036","article-title":"Alcoholic hepatitis: A review","volume":"54","author":"Hosseini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, S.-Y., Tsai, I.-T., and Hsu, Y.-C. 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