{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:32:03Z","timestamp":1789187523413,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alkaline earth metal oxide (MgO, CaO, SrO) catalysts supported on BEA zeolite were prepared by a wet impregnation method and tested in the transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil with methanol towards the formation of biodiesel (FAMEs\u2014fatty acid methyl esters). To assess the influence of the SiO2\/Al2O3 ratio on the catalytic activity in the tested reaction, a BEA zeolite carrier material with different Si\/Al ratios was used. The prepared catalysts were tested in the transesterification reaction at temperatures of 180 \u00b0C and 220 \u00b0C using a molar ratio of methanol\/oil reagents of 9:1. The transesterification process was carried out for 2 h with the catalyst mass of 0.5 g. The oil conversion value and efficiency towards FAME formation were determined using the HPLC technique. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were determined using the following research techniques: CO2-TPD, XRD, BET, FTIR, and SEM-EDS. The results of the catalytic activity showed that higher activity in the tested process was confirmed for the catalysts supported on the BEA zeolite characterized by the highest silica\/alumina ratio for the reaction carried out at a temperature of 220 \u00b0C. The most active zeolite catalyst was the 10% CaO\/BEA system (Si\/Al = 300), which showed the highest triglyceride (TG) conversion of 90.5% and the second highest FAME yield of 94.6% in the transesterification reaction carried out at 220 \u00b0C. The high activity of this system is associated with its alkalinity, high value of the specific surface area, the size of the active phase crystallites, and its characteristic sorption properties in relation to methanol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T05:10:53Z","timestamp":1711084253000},"page":"3570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Biodiesel Production by Methanolysis of Rapeseed Oil\u2014Influence of SiO2\/Al2O3 Ratio in BEA Zeolite Structure on Physicochemical and Catalytic Properties of Zeolite Systems with Alkaline Earth Oxides (MgO, CaO, SrO)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1847-9585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Szkudlarek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4353-8156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Cha\u0142upka-\u015apiewak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6094-0748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waldemar","family":"Maniukiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Nowosielska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1959-3849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata Iwona","family":"Szynkowska-J\u00f3\u017awik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8359-2029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Mierczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3786602","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3786602","article-title":"Optimization by Response Surface Methodology of Biodiesel Production from Podocarpus falcatus Oil as a Cameroonian Novel Nonedible Feedstock","volume":"2022","author":"Ngomade","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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