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OLs are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system (CNS), while interneurons are important neural types gating the function of excitatory neurons. These two types of cells are of great significance for the establishment and function of neural circuits, and they share similar developmental origins and transcriptional architectures, and interact with each other in multiple ways during development. In this review, we compare the similarities and differences in these two cell types, providing an important reference and further revealing the pathogenesis of related brain disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T12:47:11Z","timestamp":1711370831000},"page":"3620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Interaction between Oligodendrocytes and Interneurons in Brain Development and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yingqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sufang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1165-0140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianghui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00930-0","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte lineage cells and depression","volume":"26","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. 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