{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:55:47Z","timestamp":1760144147766,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite serum progesterone being a widely accepted method for luteal phase support during embryo transfer cycles, debates persist regarding the optimal strategy for guiding clinical decisions on progesterone dosages to maximize reproductive outcomes. This retrospective study explored the utility of microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers in guiding personalized progesterone dosage adjustments for frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles in 22 in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients undergoing hormone replacement therapy. Utilizing MIRA, an miRNA-based endometrial receptivity test, we analyzed patients\u2019 miRNA expression profiles before and after progesterone dosage adjustments to determine suitable dosages and assess endometrial status. Despite patients receiving identical progesterone dosages, variations in miRNA profiles were observed in the initial cycle, and all patients presented a displaced window of implantation. Following dosage adjustments based on their miRNA profiles, 91% of patients successfully transitioned their endometrium towards the receptive stages. However, two patients continued to exhibit persistent displaced receptivity despite the adjustments. Given the evident variation in endometrial status and serum progesterone levels among individuals, analyzing miRNA expression profiles may address the challenge of inter-personal variation in serum progesterone levels, to deliver more personalized dosage adjustments and facilitate personalized luteal phase support in IVF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T14:14:12Z","timestamp":1711376052000},"page":"3670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Different Dosages of Progesterone in Luteal Phase Support Reflect Varying Endometrial microRNA Expression in Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1459-9758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Jui","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infertility and Reproductive Medicine, Taiwan IVF Group Center, Hsinchu 30274, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farn","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infertility and Reproductive Medicine, Taiwan IVF Group Center, Hsinchu 30274, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cai-Yun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inti Labs, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-Jie","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inti Labs, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inti Labs, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pok Eric","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inti Labs, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack Yu-Jen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infertility and Reproductive Medicine, Taiwan IVF Group Center, Hsinchu 30274, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey226","article-title":"The impact of luteal serum progesterone levels on live birth rates-a prospective study of 602 IVF\/ICSI cycles","volume":"33","author":"Thomsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. 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