{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:35:23Z","timestamp":1790843723040,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000900","name":"California Institute for Regenerative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRAN1-11532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRAN1-11532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000900","name":"California Institute for Regenerative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1933394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1933394"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000900","name":"California Institute for Regenerative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG1033624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG1033624"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000900","name":"California Institute for Regenerative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000900","name":"California Institute for Regenerative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY029220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY029220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000900","name":"California Institute for Regenerative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF1000134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000900","name":"California Institute for Regenerative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF1000135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000900","name":"California Institute for Regenerative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF10000116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF10000116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000900","name":"California Institute for Regenerative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF1024397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1024397"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000900","name":"California Institute for Regenerative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH2110740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2110740"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRAN1-11532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRAN1-11532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1933394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1933394"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG1033624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG1033624"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY029220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY029220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF1000134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF1000135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF10000116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF10000116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF1024397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1024397"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH2110740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2110740"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"USC Center for Neuronal Longevity","award":["TRAN1-11532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRAN1-11532"]}]},{"name":"USC Center for Neuronal Longevity","award":["1933394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1933394"]}]},{"name":"USC Center for Neuronal Longevity","award":["PG1033624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG1033624"]}]},{"name":"USC Center for Neuronal Longevity","award":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"]}]},{"name":"USC Center for Neuronal Longevity","award":["P30EY029220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY029220"]}]},{"name":"USC Center for Neuronal Longevity","award":["GF1000134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000134"]}]},{"name":"USC Center for Neuronal Longevity","award":["GF1000135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000135"]}]},{"name":"USC Center for Neuronal Longevity","award":["GF10000116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF10000116"]}]},{"name":"USC Center for Neuronal Longevity","award":["GF1024397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1024397"]}]},{"name":"USC Center for Neuronal Longevity","award":["W81XWH2110740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2110740"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRAN1-11532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRAN1-11532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1933394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1933394"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG1033624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG1033624"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY029220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY029220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF1000134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF1000135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF10000116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF10000116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF1024397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1024397"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH2110740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2110740"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRAN1-11532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRAN1-11532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1933394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1933394"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG1033624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG1033624"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY029220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY029220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF1000134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF1000135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF10000116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF10000116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF1024397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1024397"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH2110740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2110740"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics","award":["TRAN1-11532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRAN1-11532"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics","award":["1933394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1933394"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics","award":["PG1033624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG1033624"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics","award":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics","award":["P30EY029220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY029220"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics","award":["GF1000134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000134"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics","award":["GF1000135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000135"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics","award":["GF10000116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF10000116"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics","award":["GF1024397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1024397"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics","award":["W81XWH2110740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2110740"]}]},{"name":"Dennis and Michele Slivinski","award":["TRAN1-11532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRAN1-11532"]}]},{"name":"Dennis and Michele Slivinski","award":["1933394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1933394"]}]},{"name":"Dennis and Michele Slivinski","award":["PG1033624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG1033624"]}]},{"name":"Dennis and Michele Slivinski","award":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"]}]},{"name":"Dennis and Michele Slivinski","award":["P30EY029220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY029220"]}]},{"name":"Dennis and Michele Slivinski","award":["GF1000134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000134"]}]},{"name":"Dennis and Michele Slivinski","award":["GF1000135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000135"]}]},{"name":"Dennis and Michele Slivinski","award":["GF10000116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF10000116"]}]},{"name":"Dennis and Michele Slivinski","award":["GF1024397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1024397"]}]},{"name":"Dennis and Michele Slivinski","award":["W81XWH2110740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2110740"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Ramani Nathan","award":["TRAN1-11532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRAN1-11532"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Ramani Nathan","award":["1933394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1933394"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Ramani Nathan","award":["PG1033624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG1033624"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Ramani Nathan","award":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Ramani Nathan","award":["P30EY029220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY029220"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Ramani Nathan","award":["GF1000134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000134"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Ramani Nathan","award":["GF1000135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000135"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Ramani Nathan","award":["GF10000116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF10000116"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Ramani Nathan","award":["GF1024397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1024397"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Ramani Nathan","award":["W81XWH2110740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2110740"]}]},{"name":"The Retina Research Foundation\u2019s Gertrude D. Pyron Award","award":["TRAN1-11532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRAN1-11532"]}]},{"name":"The Retina Research Foundation\u2019s Gertrude D. Pyron Award","award":["1933394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1933394"]}]},{"name":"The Retina Research Foundation\u2019s Gertrude D. Pyron Award","award":["PG1033624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG1033624"]}]},{"name":"The Retina Research Foundation\u2019s Gertrude D. Pyron Award","award":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"]}]},{"name":"The Retina Research Foundation\u2019s Gertrude D. Pyron Award","award":["P30EY029220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY029220"]}]},{"name":"The Retina Research Foundation\u2019s Gertrude D. Pyron Award","award":["GF1000134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000134"]}]},{"name":"The Retina Research Foundation\u2019s Gertrude D. Pyron Award","award":["GF1000135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000135"]}]},{"name":"The Retina Research Foundation\u2019s Gertrude D. Pyron Award","award":["GF10000116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF10000116"]}]},{"name":"The Retina Research Foundation\u2019s Gertrude D. Pyron Award","award":["GF1024397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1024397"]}]},{"name":"The Retina Research Foundation\u2019s Gertrude D. Pyron Award","award":["W81XWH2110740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2110740"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRAN1-11532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRAN1-11532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1933394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1933394"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG1033624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG1033624"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY029220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY029220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF1000134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF1000135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1000135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF10000116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF10000116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GF1024397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF1024397"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH2110740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2110740"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa, significantly contribute to adult blindness. The Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat is a well-established disease model for studying these dystrophies; however, molecular investigations remain limited. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of retinal degeneration in RCS rats, including an immunodeficient RCS (iRCS) sub-strain, using ocular coherence tomography, electroretinography, histology, and molecular dissection using transcriptomics and immunofluorescence. No significant differences in retinal degeneration progression were observed between the iRCS and immunocompetent RCS rats, suggesting a minimal role of adaptive immune responses in disease. Transcriptomic alterations were primarily in inflammatory signaling pathways, characterized by the strong upregulation of Tnfa, an inflammatory signaling molecule, and Nox1, a contributor to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Additionally, a notable decrease in Alox15 expression was observed, pointing to a possible reduction in anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators. These findings were corroborated by immunostaining, which demonstrated increased photoreceptor lipid peroxidation (4HNE) and photoreceptor citrullination (CitH3) during retinal degeneration. Our work enhances the understanding of molecular changes associated with retinal degeneration in RCS rats and offers potential therapeutic targets within inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways for confirmatory research and development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T12:22:46Z","timestamp":1711628566000},"page":"3749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Unveiling Drivers of Retinal Degeneration in RCS Rats: Functional, Morphological, and Molecular Insights"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0951-6647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kabir","family":"Ahluwalia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3339-562X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaodong","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Ginsburg Institute of for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Martinez-Camarillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Ginsburg Institute of for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"},{"name":"Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0312-4450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biju B.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Ginsburg Institute of for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"},{"name":"Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9636-1967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Pollalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Ginsburg Institute of for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"},{"name":"Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Ginsburg Institute of for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"},{"name":"Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyal","family":"Dave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Chester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Humayun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Ginsburg Institute of for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"},{"name":"Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5941-6690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stan G.","family":"Louie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"},{"name":"USC Ginsburg Institute of for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0661-8","article-title":"Long-term safety of human retinal progenitor cell transplantation in retinitis pigmentosa patients","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-4134-2","article-title":"A new immunodeficient retinal dystrophic rat model for transplantation studies using human-derived cells","volume":"256","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carr, A.J., Vugler, A.A., Hikita, S.T., Lawrence, J.M., Gias, C., Chen, L.L., Buchholz, D.E., Ahmado, A., Semo, M., and Smart, M.J. (2009). Protective effects of human iPS-derived retinal pigment epithelium cell transplantation in the retinal dystrophic rat. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008152"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3201","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1831","article-title":"Long-term Vision Rescue by Human Neural Progenitors in a Rat Model of Photoreceptor Degeneration","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J., Lee, Y.J., and Won, J.Y. (2021). Molecular Mechanisms of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Dysfunction in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212298"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaao4097","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aao4097","article-title":"A bioengineered retinal pigment epithelial monolayer for advanced, dry age-related macular degeneration","volume":"10","author":"Kashani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61376-3","article-title":"Human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium in patients with age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt\u2019s macular dystrophy: Follow-up of two open-label phase 1\/2 studies","volume":"385","author":"Schwartz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1159\/000338749","article-title":"A Novel Approach for Subretinal Implantation of Ultrathin Substrates Containing Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium Monolayer","volume":"48","author":"Hu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1089\/clo.2006.8.189","article-title":"Human Embryonic Stem Cell\u2013Derived Cells Rescue Visual Function in Dystrophic RCS Rats","volume":"8","author":"Lund","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cloning Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9636897221104451","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897221104451","article-title":"Biocompatibility of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Progenitor Cell Grafts in Immunocompromised Rats","volume":"31","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajendran Nair, D.S., Zhu, D., Sharma, R., Martinez Camarillo, J.C., Bharti, K., Hinton, D.R., Humayun, M.S., and Thomas, B.B. (2021). Long-Term Transplant Effects of iPSC-RPE Monolayer in Immunodeficient RCS Rats. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202109.0340.v1"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.4.645","article-title":"Mutation of the receptor tyrosine kinase gene Mertk in the retinal dystrophic RCS rat","volume":"9","author":"Yasumura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.08.006","article-title":"MERTK signaling in the retinal pigment epithelium regulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha from the GDI\/CHM family of RAB GTPase effectors","volume":"140","author":"Shelby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13141","article-title":"A review of the mechanisms of cone degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"94","author":"Narayan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4294","article-title":"An emerging role for neutrophil extracellular traps in noninfectious disease","volume":"23","author":"Jorch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9771","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000482R","article-title":"Extracellular CIRP and TREM-1 axis promotes ICAM-1-Rho-mediated NETosis in sepsis","volume":"34","author":"Murao","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2011.06.007","article-title":"The role of TLRs in neutrophil activation","volume":"11","author":"Prince","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000480373","article-title":"Macrophage Extracellular Traps: A Scoping Review","volume":"10","author":"Doster","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.63","article-title":"Innate sensing of oxidation-specific epitopes in health and disease","volume":"16","author":"Binder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25158","article-title":"Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 deficiency protects against subretinal fibrosis by inhibiting M\u00fcller glial hypercitrullination","volume":"101","author":"Palko","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775267","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.775267","article-title":"Receptor-Mediated NETosis on Neutrophils","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02536","article-title":"DAMPs and NETs in Sepsis","volume":"10","author":"Denning","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-28471-8_3","article-title":"Developing Cell-Based Therapies for RPE-Associated Degenerative Eye Diseases","volume":"1186","author":"Habeler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adachi, K., Takahashi, S., Yamauchi, K., Mounai, N., Tanabu, R., and Nakazawa, M. (2016). Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Degeneration in Royal College of Surgeons Rats and Its Correlation with Morphology and Electroretinography. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162835"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00741-4","article-title":"Systemic frequencies of T helper 1 and T helper 17 cells in patients with age-related macular degeneration: A case-control study","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.11.009","article-title":"Partial preservation of rod and cone ERG function following subretinal injection of ARPE-19 cells in RCS rats","volume":"46","author":"Pinilla","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.05.020","article-title":"Contribution of rod and cone pathways to the dark-adapted electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave following retinal degeneration in RCS rats","volume":"44","author":"Pinilla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4902","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12780-8","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the human retina identifies cell types associated with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"10","author":"Menon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"472","article-title":"Gene expression changes in the retina following subretinal injection of human neural progenitor cells into a rodent model for retinal degeneration","volume":"22","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658520","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/658520","article-title":"PPAR Regulation of Inflammatory Signaling in CNS Diseases","volume":"2008","author":"Bright","year":"2008","journal-title":"PPAR Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3852","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr306","article-title":"Characterization of the CLEAR network reveals an integrated control of cellular clearance pathways","volume":"20","author":"Palmieri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2020.06.004","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Lysosome and Nucleus Communication","volume":"45","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hollyfield, J.G., Anderson, R.E., and LaVail, M.M. (2005). Retinal Degenerative Diseases, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-32442-9"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"484","article-title":"Astrocytes and M\u00fcller Cell Alterations During Retinal Degeneration in a Transgenic Rat Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa","volume":"9","author":"Lax","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugasini, D., Yalagala, P.C.R., and Subbaiah, P.V. (2020). Efficient Enrichment of Retinal DHA with Dietary Lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA: Potential Application for Retinopathies. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103114"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6509","article-title":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 Mediates Photoreceptor Death in a Rodent Model of Retinal Detachment","volume":"52","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01249.x","article-title":"NOX1, 2, 4, 5: Counting out oxidative stress","volume":"164","author":"Wingler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5357","article-title":"NADPH Oxidase, NOX1, Mediates Vascular Injury in Ischemic Retinopathy","volume":"20","author":"Deliyanti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360438","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/360438","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation: Production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal","volume":"2014","author":"Ayala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.029","article-title":"Specific recognition of malondialdehyde and malondialdehyde acetaldehyde adducts on oxidized LDL and apoptotic cells by complement anaphylatoxin C3a","volume":"51","author":"Veneskoski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2013.02.004","article-title":"Pathophysiological relevance of aldehydic protein modifications","volume":"92","author":"Zarkovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.4406","article-title":"4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal, a Reactive Product of Lipid Peroxidation, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Toxic Combination Illuminated by Redox Proteomics Studies","volume":"17","author":"Perluigi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.107792","article-title":"4-HNE induces proinflammatory cytokines of human retinal pigment epithelial cells by promoting extracellular efflux of HSP","volume":"188","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2016.02.001","article-title":"Malondialdehyde Epitopes as Targets of Immunity and the Implications for Athero-sclerosis","volume":"131","author":"Busch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahluwalia, K., Martinez-Camarillo, J.-C., Thomas, B.B., Naik, A., Gonzalez-Calle, A., Pollalis, D., Lebkowski, J., Lee, S.Y., Mitra, D., and Louie, S.G. (2023). Polarized RPE Secretome Preserves Photoreceptors in Retinal Dystrophic RCS Rats. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12131689"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"922","article-title":"Possible involvement of NETosis in inflammatory processes in the eye: Evidence from a small cohort of patients","volume":"23","author":"Barliya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(82)90059-9","article-title":"Autoimmunity: A possible factor in the development of retinal degeneration in the RCS rat","volume":"22","author":"Chant","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.06.008","article-title":"Extracellular traps and PAD4 released by macrophages induce citrullination and auto-antibody production in autoimmune arthritis","volume":"105","author":"Nerviani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00360","article-title":"Activation of PAD4 in NET formation","volume":"3","author":"Rohrbach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mead, A.J., Ahluwalia, K., Ebright, B., Zhang, Z., Dave, P., Li, Z., Zhou, E., Naik, A.A., Ngu, R., and Chester, C. (2024). Loss of 15-Lipoxygenase in retinodegenerative RCS rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042309"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-21-0414","article-title":"NAP1051, a Lipoxin A4 biomimetic analogue, demonstrates antitumor activity against the tumor microenvironment","volume":"20","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S2151","article-title":"Age and disease-related structural changes in the retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"2","author":"Bonilha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0465-8","article-title":"Systematic comparison of single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing methods","volume":"38","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635","article-title":"STAR: Ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner","volume":"29","author":"Dobin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2011.09.003","article-title":"Genome-wide transcriptome analysis in murine neural retina using high-throughput RNA sequencing","volume":"99","author":"Gamsiz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karademir, D., Todorova, V., Ebner, L.J.A., Samardzija, M., and Grimm, C. (2022). Single-cell RNA sequencing of the retina in a model of retinitis pigmentosa reveals early responses to degeneration in rods and cones. BMC Biol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-022-01280-9"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt703","article-title":"Causal analysis approaches in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis","volume":"30","author":"Green","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, J., Coulouris, G., Zaretskaya, I., Cutcutache, I., Rozen, S., and Madden, T.L. (2012). Primer-BLAST: A tool to design target-specific primers for polymerase chain reaction. BMC Bioinform., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-134"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: An open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076","article-title":"A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms","volume":"9","author":"Otsu","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1177\/25.7.70454","article-title":"Automatic measurement of sister chromatid exchange frequency","volume":"25","author":"Zack","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/7\/3749\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:19:48Z","timestamp":1760105988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/7\/3749"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25073749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25073749","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]}}}