{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T21:00:05Z","timestamp":1778878805203,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014677","name":"The George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["293\/5\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["293\/5\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014677","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cumulative data suggest that neuroinflammation plays a prominent role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis. The purpose of this work was to assess if patients with ALS present a specific peripheral cytokine profile and if it correlates with neurological disability assessed by ALSFRS-R, the rate of disease progression, and the pattern of disease progression (horizontal spreading [HSP] versus vertical spreading [VSP]). We determined the levels of 15 cytokines in the blood of 59 patients with ALS and 40 controls. We identified a positive correlation between levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-17F, IL-33, IL-31) and the age of ALS patients, as well as a positive correlation between IL-12p\/70 and survival from ALS onset and ALS diagnosis. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the ALSFRS-R score in the upper limb and respiratory domain and IL-5 levels. In our ALS cohort, the spreading pattern was 42% horizontal and 58% vertical, with patients with VSP showing a faster rate of ALS progression. Furthermore, we identified a negative correlation between IL-5 levels and the rate of disease progression, as well as a positive correlation between IL-5 and HSP of ALS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting a \u201cprotective\u201d role of IL-5 in ALS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T12:52:12Z","timestamp":1711630332000},"page":"3782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Potential Role of Interleukin-5 in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A New Molecular Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Anca","family":"Mo\u021b\u0103\u021b\u0103ianu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8055-1739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Andone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6862-4926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adina","family":"Stoian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodica","family":"B\u0103la\u0219a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9798-1594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adina","family":"Hu\u021banu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"S\u0103rm\u0103\u0219an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60944-1","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"369","author":"Mitchell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70015-1","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Role of glial activation in motor neuron disease","volume":"10","author":"Philips","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01310","article-title":"ALS Genetics, Mechanisms, and Therapeutics: Where Are We Now?","volume":"13","author":"Mejzini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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