{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:52:02Z","timestamp":1792093922876,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wroclaw Medical University, Poland","award":["SUBK.A070.22.029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBK.A070.22.029"]}]},{"name":"Wroclaw Medical University, Poland","award":["SUBZ.A411.23.084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.A411.23.084"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complex metabolic disorder that has short- and long-term effects on maternal and offspring health. This study aimed to assess the impact of maternal hyperglycemia severity, classified as GDM-G1 (diet treatment) and GDM-G2 (insulin treatment) on colostral appetite-regulating molecules. Colostrum samples were collected from hyperglycemic (N = 30) and normoglycemic (N = 21) mothers, and the concentrations of milk hormones were determined by immunoenzymatic assay. A difference was found for milk ghrelin, but not for molecules such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, or IGF-I levels, in relation to maternal hyperglycemia. The colostral ghrelin in the GDM-G1 cohort (0.21 ng\/mL) was significantly lower than for GDM-G2 (0.38 ng\/mL) and non-GDM groups (0.36 ng\/mL). However, colostral resistin was higher, but not significantly, for GDM-G1 (13.33 ng\/mL) and GDM-G2 (12.81 ng\/mL) cohorts than for normoglycemic mothers (7.89 ng\/mL). The lack of difference in relation to hyperglycemia for milk leptin, adiponectin, leptin\u2013adiponectin ratio, resistin, and IGF-I levels might be the outcome of effective treatment of GDM during pregnancy. The shift between ghrelin and other appetite-regulating hormones might translate into altered ability to regulate energy balance, affecting offspring\u2019s metabolic homeostasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T13:42:30Z","timestamp":1711892550000},"page":"3853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Colostral Appetite-Regulating Adipokines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6317-273X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Lis-Kuberka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 48\/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Berghausen-Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, J. Gromkowski Provincial Specialist Hospital, Koszarowa 5, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Hoene-Wro\u0144skiego 13c, 58-376 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0601-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Orczyk-Pawi\u0142owicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 48\/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2013.33181","article-title":"Biochemistry of adipose tissue: An endocrine organ","volume":"9","author":"Coelho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2015.04.014","article-title":"Adipokines in health and disease","volume":"36","author":"Fasshauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Xu, M., and Li, Y. (2022). Adipose tissue aging and metabolic disorder, and the impact of nutritional interventions. 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