{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T09:20:40Z","timestamp":1789032040565,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection induces DNA Double-Strand Breaks (DSBs) and consequently activates the DNA Damage Response pathway (DDR) and senescence in gastric epithelium. We studied DDR activation and senescence before and after the eradication of the pathogen. Gastric antral and corpus biopsies of 61 patients with H. pylori infection, prior to and after eradication treatment, were analyzed by means of immunohistochemistry\/immunofluorescence for DDR marker (\u03b3H2A\u03a7, phosporylated ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (pATM), p53-binding protein (53BP1) and p53) expression. Samples were also evaluated for Ki67 (proliferation index), cleaved caspase-3 (apoptotic index) and GL13 staining (cellular senescence). Ten H. pylori (\u2212) dyspeptic patients served as controls. All patients were re-endoscoped in 72-1361 days (mean value 434 days), and tissue samples were processed in the same manner. The eradication of the microorganism, in human gastric mucosa, downregulates \u03b3H2A\u03a7 expression in both the antrum and corpus (p = 0.00019 and p = 0.00081 respectively). The expression of pATM, p53 and 53BP1 is also reduced after eradication. Proliferation and apoptotic indices were reduced, albeit not significantly, after pathogen clearance. Moreover, cellular senescence is increased in H. pylori-infected mucosa and remains unaffected after eradication. Interestingly, senescence was statistically increased in areas of intestinal metaplasia (IM) compared with adjacent non-metaplastic mucosa (p &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, H. pylori infection triggers DSBs, DDR and senescence in the gastric epithelium. Pathogen eradication reverses the DDR activation but not senescence. Increased senescent cells may favor IM persistence, thus potentially contributing to gastric carcinogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T13:42:30Z","timestamp":1711892550000},"page":"3888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Helicobacter pylori Eradication Reverses DNA Damage Response Pathway but Not Senescence in Human Gastric Epithelium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Polyxeni","family":"Kalisperati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Spanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis S.","family":"Pateras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Pathology, \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Evangelou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Thymara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Pathology, Laiko Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Korkolopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Pathology, Laiko Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanassios","family":"Kotsinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5485-5328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panayiotis G.","family":"Vlachoyiannopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6666-8642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios G.","family":"Tzioufas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0955-9700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Kanellopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9001-4112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassilis G.","family":"Gorgoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Carcinogenesis 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