{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T09:31:47Z","timestamp":1776331907055,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions (MSCA)","award":["101086322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101086322"]}]},{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions (MSCA)","award":["FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"]}]},{"name":"CNR","award":["101086322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101086322"]}]},{"name":"CNR","award":["FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"]}]},{"name":"University of Milan and by PRIN 2017BJJ5EE from the Ministry of Italian Research","award":["101086322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101086322"]}]},{"name":"University of Milan and by PRIN 2017BJJ5EE from the Ministry of Italian Research","award":["FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"]}]},{"name":"EU NextGeneration","award":["101086322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101086322"]}]},{"name":"EU NextGeneration","award":["FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"]}]},{"name":"Italian Association for Cancer Research","award":["101086322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101086322"]}]},{"name":"Italian Association for Cancer Research","award":["FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research PRIN 2022","award":["101086322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101086322"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research PRIN 2022","award":["FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"]}]},{"name":"Ricerca Corrente IRCCS Multi Medica","award":["101086322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101086322"]}]},{"name":"Ricerca Corrente IRCCS Multi Medica","award":["FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-grade gliomas (HGGs) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are characterized by a heterogeneous and aggressive population of tissue-infiltrating cells that promote both destructive tissue remodeling and aberrant vascularization of the brain. The formation of defective and permeable blood vessels and microchannels and destructive tissue remodeling prevent efficient vascular delivery of pharmacological agents to tumor cells and are the significant reason why therapeutic chemotherapy and immunotherapy intervention are primarily ineffective. Vessel-forming endothelial cells and microchannel-forming glial cells that recapitulate vascular mimicry have both infiltration and destructive remodeling tissue capacities. The transmembrane protein TMEM230 (C20orf30) is a master regulator of infiltration, sprouting of endothelial cells, and microchannel formation of glial and phagocytic cells. A high level of TMEM230 expression was identified in patients with HGG, GBM, and U87-MG cells. In this study, we identified candidate genes and molecular pathways that support that aberrantly elevated levels of TMEM230 play an important role in regulating genes associated with the initial stages of cell infiltration and blood vessel and microchannel (also referred to as tumor microtubule) formation in the progression from low-grade to high-grade gliomas. As TMEM230 regulates infiltration, vascularization, and tissue destruction capacities of diverse cell types in the brain, TMEM230 is a promising cancer target for heterogeneous HGG tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:58:38Z","timestamp":1712105918000},"page":"3967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Transmembrane Protein TMEM230, Regulator of Glial Cell Vascular Mimicry and Endothelial Cell Angiogenesis in High-Grade Heterogeneous Infiltrating Gliomas and Glioblastoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Cocola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, 20054 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9408-246X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Abeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, 20054 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, 20054 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4973-1846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Piscitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, 20054 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5415-1515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paride","family":"Pelucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, 20054 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3102-5150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ettore","family":"Mosca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, 20054 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6646-4471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Chiodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, 20054 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tasnim","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mira","family":"Palizban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helga","family":"Palizban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Nano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Vascular Surgery, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9537-400X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Acquati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4790-0861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, I.R.C.C.S. MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0331-8108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burkhard","family":"Greve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0671-4277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Gerovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Calle Doctor Begiristain s\/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6903-7042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio","family":"Magnaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Mazzaccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Vascular Surgery, I.R.C.C.S. 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